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目的探讨儿童感染埃博拉病毒的临床特点及预后。方法回顾性分析2014年10月-2015年1月我院医疗队在塞拉利昂弗里敦Jui医院收治的埃博拉(Ebola virus disease,EVD)患儿的临床表现及预后。结果 653例疑似EVD患者中,75例儿童被实验室确诊感染埃博拉,平均年龄8.9±5.6岁(11个月~18岁)。男性患儿29例(38.7%),女性患儿46例(61.3%)。49例有随访,41例资料详细。与家人密切接触为主要感染途径,占45.3%。潜伏期平均10.5 d,出现症状到住院时间为3.5 d,出现症状到死亡平均时间为7 d。常见临床症状为发热32例(80.5%),乏力31例(75.6%),腹痛30例(73.2%),肌肉疼痛30例(73.2%),恶心、呕吐29例(70.7%)。随访49例死亡15例,病死率为30.6%。结论儿童EVD患者与家人密切接触为主要感染途径,临床特征无明显特异性。女性患儿的发病率高于男性患儿,死亡率无明显差异。
Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of children infected with Ebola. Methods The clinical manifestations and prognosis of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in our hospital from October 2014 to January 2015 in our Hospital Freetown, Sierra Leone were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of the 653 suspected EVD patients, 75 were confirmed as laboratory-confirmed Ebola with an average age of 8.9 ± 5.6 years (range, 11 months to 18 years). There were 29 males (38.7%) and 46 females (61.3%). 49 cases were followed up, 41 cases detailed information. Close contact with the family as the main route of infection, accounting for 45.3%. The average incubation period was 10.5 days, the symptoms to hospitalization were 3.5 days, and the average symptom to death time was 7 days. Common clinical symptoms were fever in 32 cases (80.5%), fatigue in 31 cases (75.6%), abdominal pain in 30 cases (73.2%), muscle pain in 30 cases (73.2%), nausea and vomiting in 29 cases (70.7%). Follow-up 49 cases died in 15 cases, the case fatality rate was 30.6%. Conclusion EVD patients with close contact with their families as the main route of infection, clinical features no significant specificity. The incidence of female children is higher than male children, no significant difference in mortality.