本文从经营机制创新的角度入手，重点考察了日本国铁分割·民营化之后，ＪＲ东日本旅客铁道株式会社的主要变化与效果，指出其成功经验在于：合理的民营化战略、充分考虑环境因素、公众舆论的强有力支持以及适当的政治、经济条件。日本国铁民营化改革对我国国企改革的主要启示是：（１）大规模的公企业民营化需要坚强有力的政治领导核心；（２）民营化是从根本上摆脱公企业经营危机的有效途径和必由之路；（３）巨型公企业的民营化应当是周密计划、慎重决策、立法保障、果断推进的；（４）短期课题与长期课题，企业责任与政府责任应当分开；（５）公正的对策规划和强有力的民营化推进机构是不可缺少的；（６）要引导民营化后的新企业尽快走向市场；（７）改革的矛头应当针对问题与体制弊端，而不宜针对人 Based on the innovation of management mechanism, this paper focuses on the main changes and effects of JR East Japan Railway Co., Ltd. after Japan’s national railways privatization and privatization, and points out that its successful experience lies in its reasonable privatization strategy and full consideration of environmental factors The strong support of public opinion and the proper political and economic conditions. The main enlightenments of Japan’s reform of privatization on state-owned enterprises in China are as follows: (1) The privatization of large-scale public enterprises requires a strong core of political leadership; (2) Privatization is an effective way to get rid of the crisis of public enterprises fundamentally (3) The privatization of giant public enterprises should be carefully planned, prudently decided, protected by legislation, and promoted decisively; (4) Short-term projects and long-term issues should be separated from corporate responsibilities and government responsibilities; (5) Fair measures (6) to guide the privatization of new enterprises as soon as possible to the market; (7) the spearhead of the reform should be aimed at the problems and defects of the system, and should not be aimed at people