20世纪30年代以来,抗战形势日益恶化,国土沦丧,民生凋零。国内大批高校研究机构纷纷开始南渡与西迁。这些内迁的学术机构与研究人员,纷纷投身于文化抗战与民族救亡运动。笔者以云南昆明“魁阁”的农村社会调查及四川成都“华西坝”民族历史文化调查为例,探讨中国人类学“本土化”的文化自觉过程中,中国人类学家如何在特殊困难历史时期,以认识中国、改造中国为己任,坚苦卓绝地积极投身于农村社区与边疆民族研究,取得了丰硕成果。这一时期的中国人类学研究,是中国人类学学科建设的重要时期,同时也为中国人类学本土化建设提供了理论探讨与实践条件。更为重要的是,抗战时期中国人类学家的学术理想追求与科学研究方法坚持,成为中国人类学的鲜红记忆与历史丰碑,直接指引中国人类学不断反思与开拓进取。 Since the 1930s, the situation in the war of resistance has deteriorated day by day, resulting in the loss of territory and the loss of people’s livelihood. A large number of domestic institutions of higher learning have begun to move south and west. These inward-moving academic institutions and researchers have devoted themselves to the Anti-Japanese War and National Salvation Movement. Taking the rural social investigation of Kunming in Yunnan Province and KuaiGe of Yunnan Province and the investigation of ethnic history and culture of Huaxi Ba in Sichuan Province as an example to explore the cultural consciousness of Chinese anthropology “localization ”, the Chinese anthropologist How to devote ourselves to the study of rural communities and frontier ethnic groups in the difficult historical period of special difficulties with the mission of understanding China and reforming China has achieved great successes. The Chinese anthropological research during this period is an important period for the construction of anthropology in China and also provides theoretical discussions and practical conditions for the localization of anthropology in China. More importantly, the Chinese anthropologists’ pursuit of academic ideals and methods of scientific research during the War of Resistance Against Japan persisted in becoming the bright red memory and historic monument of Chinese anthropology, directing Chinese anthropology to continuously reflect and pioneer and forge ahead.