随着微生物学、分子生物学及细胞生物学的迅速发展,70年代初出现了一门新学科一基因工程。基因工程是在分子生物学的水平上,以遗传物质 DNA 分子为中心,定向改造生物遗传性的一种新技术。基因工程最大的特点是打破了生物种间的界线,使人类能够控制和改变生物遗传性,这样也就能够按照人们的需要创造出前所未有的新品种,因此在我国科学发展规划中把它列为重点项目之一,因而在实现四个现代化的建设中具有重要的现实意义。基因工程这种新技术,简言之就是用人工方法从供体分离出所需要的基因(亦 With the rapid development of microbiology, molecular biology and cell biology, a new discipline-genetic engineering emerged in the early 1970s. Genetic engineering is a new technology that aims to transform biological heredity at the level of molecular biology with genetic material DNA molecules as the center. The greatest feature of genetic engineering is to break the boundaries between species, so that humans can control and change the genetic heredity, so that they can create an unprecedented new varieties according to people’s needs. Therefore, it is listed in the scientific development plan of our country as Therefore, it is of great practical significance to realize the four modernizations. This new technology of genetic engineering, in short, is to manually isolate the desired gene from the donor