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目的：探讨小儿自发性脑出血的病因及其诊治方法的选择。方法：小儿自发性脑出血２５例，多见于８～１４岁，临床上癫痫发生率（４４．０％）明显高于成人，部分患儿有贫血表现。病因以脑动静脉畸形（ＡＶＭ）最常见（４８．０％），血液病（１６．０％）次之，约１／４患儿病因不明。出血量大、病情进展快者宜急诊手术清除血肿，并及时行脑血管造影及全身系统检查明确病因、作相应治疗。小儿ＡＶＭ采用血管内栓塞、手术切除或栓塞加手术切除。结果：治愈１９例（７６．０％），好转３例（１２．０％），死亡３例（１２．０％）。随访１６例（１～６．５年），１例死亡，１例再出血，余１４例健康生存。结论：小儿自发性脑出血最常见病因是动静脉畸形和血液病，如诊断治疗及时，预后良好。
Objective: To explore the etiology of children with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and its diagnosis and treatment options. Methods: 25 cases of spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage in children, more common in 8 to 14 years old, the clinical incidence of epilepsy (44.0%) was significantly higher than in adults, some children with anemia. Etiology of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) the most common (48.0%), hematological diseases (16.0%) followed by about 1/4 children etiology. Large amount of bleeding, rapid progression of patients should be emergency surgery to remove hematoma, and timely cerebral angiography and systemic examination to identify a clear cause, for the appropriate treatment. Pediatric AVM using endovascular embolization, surgical resection or embolization plus surgical resection. Results: 19 cases (76.0%) were cured, 3 cases (12.0%) were improved, and 3 cases died (12.0%). Follow-up 16 cases (1 ~ 6.5 years), 1 died, 1 case of rebleeding, more than 14 cases of healthy survival. Conclusion: The most common cause of spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage in children is arteriovenous malformations and hematological diseases. If the diagnosis and treatment are timely, the prognosis is good.