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古代城市的起源与稳定问题密切相关,而现代城市的发展自身则孕育着秩序。现代城市发展带来各种要素在空间上的集聚:生产的集中、消费的集中、人口的集中、信息的集中与政治的集中,现代城市的空间集聚效应与社会秩序之间存在着内在的逻辑机理。生产的集中意味着劳动分工的发展,一方面导致个体依赖群体,另一方面也使得不同群体之间相互依赖,这孕育着城市秩序的基础。人口的集中虽然从表面看容易导致骚乱,但人口的集中与阶层的分化是伴生的,这意味着不同群体之间也存在着相互约束的关系,使得城市社会秩序得以保持。消费的集中表明城市居民对公共基础设施和公共产品拥有共同的公共利益,彼此之间更容易达成共识和一致。信息的集中意味着城市可以通过发展教育和舆论引导影响甚至塑造人们的从众或恐惧心理。政治的集中意味着城市可以通过社会控制与政治参与两个方面实现社会秩序的动态平衡。
The origin of ancient cities is closely related to the issue of stability, while the development of modern cities is the birth of order. The development of modern cities brings about the spatial agglomeration of various elements: the centralization of production, the concentration of consumption, the concentration of population, the concentration of information and the concentration of politics, the inherent logic between the spatial agglomeration effect of modern cities and social order mechanism. The concentration of production means the development of the division of labor, which on the one hand leads to the dependence of individuals on groups and on the other makes the interdependence of different groups, which gives birth to the foundation of urban order. Although population concentration may easily lead to riots on the surface, the concentration of population and the differentiation of strata are accompanied. This means that there are also mutually constrained relations among different groups, and the urban social order can be maintained. The concentration of consumption shows that urban residents have a common public interest in public infrastructure and public goods, making it easier for them to reach consensus and agreement with each other. The concentration of information means that cities can influence or even shape people’s herd or fear through the development of education and public opinion. The concentration of politics means that cities can realize the dynamic balance of social order through both social control and political participation.