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目的:比较输尿管镜直视下球囊扩张术与冷刀内切开术治疗男性后尿道狭窄的疗效。方法:回顾性分析晋城市人民医院2012－2018年收治的男性后尿道狭窄患者115例的临床资料，依据手术方法不同分为两组，球囊组59例采用输尿管镜直视下球囊扩张术治疗，冷刀组56例采用尿道冷刀内切开术治疗。比较两组患者手术时间、术后住院天数、术后最大尿流率、复发率及再手术率。结果:两组手术时间、术后住院天数差异均无统计学意义(均n P>0.05)。球囊组术后3个月最大尿流率为(19.41±5.49)mL/s，明显大于冷刀组的(17.07±6.17)mL/s(n t＝2.147，n P<0.05)；球囊组复发率、再手术率分别为13.56%(8/59)、8.47%(5/59)，均明显低于冷刀组的32.14%(18/56)、23.21%(13/56)(χn 2＝5.671、4.728，均n P0.05). The maximum urine flow rate at 3 months after surgery was (19.41±5.49)mL/s in the balloon group, which was significantly higher than that in the cold-knife group[(17.07±6.17)mL/s](n t=2.147, n P<0.05). The recurrence rate and reoperation rate of the balloon group were 13.56%(8/59) and 8.47%(5/59), respectively, which were significantly lower than 32.14%(18/56) and 23.21%(13/56) of the cold knife group(χn 2=5.671, 4.728, all n P<0.05). No significant surgical complications were observed in the two groups.n Conclusion:Balloon dilation under ureteroscopy in the treatment of male posterior urethral stricture has obvious advantages compared with cold knife incision, and it is a better surgical method for the treatment of male posterior urethral stricture.