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目的了解体育锻炼对不同性别少数民族大学生健康状况的影响效果。方法采用文献资料调研、心理测量和数据统计等方法对云南省部分高校的729名少数民族大学生的健康状况与体育锻炼的关系进行了探讨。结果①男女少数民族大学生在体育锻炼量上存在显著差异(t=15.611,P<0.001),锻炼量充分的大学生男与女相比,在生理(t=5.041,P<0.001)、心理(t=3.249,P<0.01)和总体方面(t=3.083,P<0.01)更加健康;②不同锻炼形式和不同锻炼情境对少数民族男女大学生健康状况的影响存在显著差异,表现为结伴锻炼(t=2.935,2.128,3.889,3.428;P<0.05,0.01,0.001)和娱乐性锻炼情境(t=2.567,2.371,2.250;P<0.05)的健康效益更加明显;③进行中大运动强度锻炼的男大学生在生理(F=8.167,P<0.001)、心理(F=9.601,P<0.001)、社会(F=6.465,P<0.001)和总体健康方面(F=11.611,P<0.001)得分显著高于小强度的大学生。而女大学生在4个量表得分都不具有显著性差异;④一次锻炼时间超过60分钟的男大学生在生理(F=8.408,P<0.001)、心理(F=6.361,P<0.001)、社会(F=6.864,P<0.001)和总体健康(F=9.855,P<0.001)得分显著优于锻炼时间少于30分钟的大学生。而1次锻炼时间在30至60分钟的女大学生在社会健康(F=3.586,P<0.05)和总体健康方面(F=3.817,P<0.05)明显好于锻炼时间少于30分钟的大学生;⑤无论男女少数民族大学生,每周进行1～2次及以上体育锻炼均能产生良好的健康效益。结论少数民族大学生的健康状况受体育锻炼量、形式、情境、时间、频率和强度的影响,且不同性别之间的影响效果存在差异。
Objective To understand the effect of physical exercise on the health condition of different ethnic minority college students. Methods The relationship between health status and physical exercises of 729 minority college students in some colleges and universities in Yunnan Province was studied by means of literature review, psychological survey and data statistics. Results ① There was a significant difference in the amount of physical exercise between male and female undergraduates (t = 15.611, P <0.001). Compared with the male students, the undergraduates with physical exercise (t = 5.041, = 3.249, P <0.01) and general aspects (t = 3.083, P <0.01). (2) There were significant differences in health status among ethnic minority male and female under different exercise forms and exercise conditions, 2.935, 2.128, 3.889, 3.428; P <0.05,0.01,0.001) and recreational exercise situation (t = 2.567,2.371,2.250; P <0.05); (3) Male college students The score of psychology (F = 9.601, P <0.001), social (F = 6.465, P <0.001) and general health (F = 11.611, P <0.001) Low-intensity college students. While the scores of female college students did not show any significant difference among the four scales. ④The male students who exercised for more than 60 minutes in one time had significant differences in the scores of physical (F = 8.408, P <0.001), psychology (F = 6.361, P <0.001) (F = 6.864, P <0.001) and overall health (F = 9.855, P <0.001) were significantly better than those who exercised less than 30 minutes. Female college students who exercised 30-60 minutes per exercise were significantly better than those who exercised less than 30 minutes in social health (F = 3.586, P <0.05) and overall health (F = 3.817, P <0.05) ⑤ regardless of male and female students of ethnic minorities, 1 or 2 times a week and above exercise can produce good health benefits. Conclusion The health status of ethnic minority college students is affected by the amount of physical exercise, the form, the situation, the time, the frequency and the intensity, and the effects of different genders are different.