目的　了解年龄和性别对正常成人的上呼吸道形态和咽壁顺应性的影响 ,探讨不同年龄和性别间阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征 (OSAHS)发病率悬殊的原因。方法　无明显睡眠呼吸疾病史的成年人 ,采用螺旋CT测量上呼吸道各平面气道横截面积、矢状径、冠状径、咽侧壁和咽后壁软组织厚度等指标 ;以纤维内镜观察平静呼吸和上呼吸道内压为 - 4 0cm水柱的M櫣ｌｌｅｒ动作时上呼吸道各平面形态的变化并照相 ,利用图像分析软件测量并计算总的咽壁顺应性、咽侧壁顺应性和咽前后壁顺应性 ,比较不同年龄组间和性别间的差异。结果　年龄组间比较 :除悬雍垂后区冠状径外 ,四个测量平面的各形态测量指标差异均不显著 ;软腭后区总咽壁顺应性、咽侧壁顺应性、咽前后壁顺应性和舌后区顺应性均存在显著差别 ,表现为随年龄的增长 ,咽壁顺应性逐渐增加。性别间比较 :上呼吸道各平面和各方向咽壁顺应性差异均不显著 ;软腭后区的所有测量指标性别间比较均无明显差异 ,男性悬雍垂后区、舌后区和会厌后区气道横截面积、矢状径均明显大于女性 ,男性舌后区冠状径明显大于女性 ,男性悬雍垂后区、会厌后区咽侧壁软组织厚度和会厌后区咽后壁软组织厚度也明显大于女性。结论　性别间上呼吸道解剖形态的差异是OSAHS发病率悬殊的原因之一 ;? Objective To investigate the effects of age and gender on the morphology and pharyngeal compliance of upper respiratory tract in normal adults and to explore the causes of morbidity of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) among different age and gender. Methods Adults with no history of sleep-disordered breathing were enrolled in this study. Spiral CT was used to measure airway cross-sectional area, sagittal diameter, coronal diameter, soft tissue thickness of pharyngeal wall and posterior pharyngeal wall of upper airway, Respiration and upper respiratory tract pressure - 4 0cm water column M 櫣 ller movements of the upper respiratory tract changes in the shape of each plane and photography, the use of image analysis software to measure and calculate the total compliance of the pharyngeal wall, pharyngeal compliance and pharyngeal wall Compliance, comparing different age groups and gender differences. Results Comparisons between age groups: except for the coronal diameter of the uvula area, there was no significant difference between the four measurement planes; the compliance of the pharyngeal wall, compliance of the pharyngeal wall and compliance of the pharyngeal wall There were significant differences in compliance between the posterior lingual region and the posterior lingual region, which showed that with the increase of age, pharyngeal wall compliance gradually increased. Gender comparison: There was no significant difference in compliance between the upper respiratory tract and the pharyngeal wall in all directions. There was no significant difference in gender, sex, sex, The cross sectional area and sagittal diameter of the pharyngeal mucosa were significantly larger than that of the females. The coronal diameter of the posterior lingual region of male was significantly larger than that of the females and male uvula regions. The soft tissue thickness of pharyngeal side wall and epigastric posterior pharyngeal wall were also significantly greater female. Conclusions The difference in the anatomic morphology of the upper respiratory tract among the sexes is one of the reasons for the disproportion of the incidence of OSAHS.