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热带太平洋的厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(El Ni o-Southern Oscillation,ENSO)现象是过去几十年里海洋与气候研究的重点.随着近年来印度洋偶极子模态(Indian Ocean Dipole,IOD)的提出,热带印度洋中的短期气候变化也逐步被重视.然而,人们对这些现象的研究更多的是局限在单个的海盆之内,而不是将其作为一个整体来思考.观测表明,在年际间尺度上,热带印度洋和热带太平洋的海表温度异常(Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly,SSTA)和海表高度异常(Sea Surface Height Anomaly,SSHA)等物理量的有着很明显的反向变化趋势.对这种反向变化可以给出一个简单的解释:由于双圈沃克环流在暖池区幅聚上升,海表风场在热带印度洋为西风,在热带太平洋为东风;它们通过驱动海水的上翻使得热带西印度洋与东太平洋SSTA变冷,SSHA变低,同时也通过暖水的堆积使得暖池区SSTA升高,SSHA增加.这样就在整个热带印度洋-太平洋地区形成了一个SSTA和SSHA的三极子结构.随着热带印度洋-太平洋上空沃克环流圈的增强或减弱,两个海洋之间的反向梯度关系也会随之做相应的调整,并通过梯度与沃克环流之间的正反馈作用得以维持.这一振荡模态被称为印-太三极子(Indo-Pacific Tripole,IPT).本文将通过资料分析和一个简单的概念模型来讨论IPT模态的发展和变化机制,并着重考虑ENSO与IOD对IPT模态的影响.该模型包含了最基本的海洋与大气的物理变量和他们之间的相互作用,可以为更深层次地理解和研究热带地区短期气候变化提供重要参考.
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon in the tropical Pacific is the focus of oceanographic and oceanographic research over the past few decades. As the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) Proposed that short-term climatic changes in the tropical Indian Ocean have also been gradually taken seriously.However, the researches on these phenomena are more confined to a single basin rather than thinking of them as a whole.Observation shows that in the annual In the inter-scale, there is a clear reverse trend of the physical quantities of the Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly (SSTA) and the Sea Surface Height Anomaly (SSHA) in the tropical Indian Ocean and the tropical Pacific Ocean. The reverse change gives a simple explanation: Since the double-loop Walker cycle rises and falls in the warm pool area, the sea surface winds are westerly in the tropical Indian Ocean and easterly in the tropical Pacific Ocean; they turn the tropical west Indian Ocean and the Eastern Pacific SSTA chilled, SSHA low, but also through the accumulation of warm water makes SSTA warm pool area increased, SSHA increased.Thus in the tropical Indian Ocean - the Pacific Ocean The region formed a tripolar structure of SSTA and SSHA.With the increase or decrease of Walker circulation over the tropical Indian Ocean-Pacific Ocean, the reverse gradient relationship between the two oceans will be adjusted accordingly, and through the gradient And the Walker loop.The positive mode of oscillation is called Indo-Pacific Tripole (IPT) .This paper will discuss IPT mode through data analysis and a simple conceptual model State development and change mechanism, with emphasis on the impact of ENSO and IOD on IPT modalities.The model contains the most basic ocean-atmosphere physical variables and their interactions and can be used to understand and study the tropics Regional short-term climate change provides an important reference.