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目的了解常德市居民恶性肿瘤死亡水平、分布特征及对人群寿命的影响,为恶性肿瘤防治工作提供依据。方法利用常德市2010-2012年各年度死因登记资料及人口资料进行统计分析,采用2010年全国人口普查数据进行标化,计算死亡率、潜在减寿年数及去死因期望寿命等指标。结果 2010-2012年常德市居民恶性肿瘤死亡率为136.31/10万,标化死亡率为118.30/10万,居全死因顺位第1位,男女标化死亡率分别为150.99/10万和83.84/10万,男性高于女性(P<0.001)。主要恶性肿瘤中排名前五位的依次为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、肠癌和白血病,其死亡率随着年龄的增加而增加,50岁以后增加明显。恶性肿瘤造成的潜在减寿率(PYLL率)为9.85人年/1 000,平均每位死者损失(APYLL)7.89人年。常德市居民的期望寿命为78.79岁,去恶性肿瘤后期望寿命增加2.47岁。结论恶性肿瘤是危害常德市居民的首位死因,严重危害居民的生命健康,带来巨大的潜在寿命和期望寿命损失。肺癌、肝癌和胃癌是主要癌种,50岁以上的人群高发。应针对不同人群、不同肿瘤的特点,采取综合性的干预措施,减少恶性肿瘤的发生。
Objective To understand the level of death, distribution characteristics and life expectancy of malignant tumors in residents of Changde City, and to provide basis for the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors. Methods The data of death cause registration and population data of each year from 2010 to 2012 in Changde city were used for statistical analysis. The data of 2010 national census were used for standardization and mortality, potential years of life lost and expected life expectancy of death were calculated. Results The death rate of malignant tumor was 136.31 / 100,000 in Changde City from 2010 to 2012, and the standardized death rate was 118.30 / 100,000, ranking the first in all causes of death, the male and female standardized death rates were 150.99 / 100000 and 83.84 / 100,000, men than women (P <0.001). The top five major malignant tumors followed by lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, intestinal cancer and leukemia, the mortality rate increased with age, increased significantly after the age of 50. The potential rate of longevity (PYLL) resulting from malignancy is 9.85 person-years / 1,000, with an average APYLL loss of 7.89 person-years. The life expectancy of residents in Changde City is 78.79 years old, life expectancy after malignancy increases by 2.47 years. Conclusion Malignant tumor is the first cause of death in Changde City, which seriously jeopardizes the life and health of residents and brings about huge potential life expectancy and loss of life expectancy. Lung cancer, liver cancer and stomach cancer are the major cancer types, with high prevalence in people over the age of 50. Should be aimed at different populations, different tumor characteristics, take comprehensive interventions to reduce the incidence of malignant tumors.