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目的了解玩具厂噪声作业工人的听力损失情况,分析其危险因素。方法 2015年8月选取东莞市LZ儿童玩具厂720名噪声作业工人作为调查对象,由专职的职业病科医师进行问卷调查,收集相关数据;通过卡方检验进行单因素分析,采用二分类Logistic回归分析进行多因素分析,找出引起噪声作业工人听力损失的危险因素。结果 720名噪声作业工人年龄为18~60岁,平均年龄为(31.78±3.65)岁;其中男性406人,女性314人;出现听力损失的工人为75人,占10.4%。单因素分析显示,从事不同工种的工人之间听力损失情况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);随着作业工人接触噪声的年龄增加、工龄增长和噪声强度提高,听力损失的检出比例呈上升趋势,组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,作业工人接触噪声强度、工龄、工种和接触噪声年龄与噪声性听力损失的发生密切相关,工人接触噪声强度越强、工龄越长、年龄越大越容易发生听力损失;相比造轮工,注塑工、压铸工和修边工发生听力损失的危险性更高。结论该玩具厂噪声作业工人听力损失发生率较高;减少噪声性听力损失的发生,需要卫生监督部门、企业和劳动者共同配合。
Objective To understand the hearing loss of noise workers in toy factory and analyze the risk factors. Methods A total of 720 noise workers at LZ Children’s toy factory in Dongguan City were selected as survey subjects in August 2015. Surveys were conducted by professional occupational disease physicians to collect relevant data. Univariate analysis was conducted by chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis Conduct multivariate analysis to identify the risk factors for hearing loss caused by noise workers. Results The average age of 720 noise workers was 18-60 years (mean age: 31.78 ± 3.65 years). Among them, 406 were males and 314 were females, 75 were hearing loss workers, accounting for 10.4%. Univariate analysis showed that there was a significant difference in hearing loss between workers engaged in different types of work (P <0.05). With the increasing age of workers exposed to noise, the increase of working age and noise intensity, the detection rate of hearing loss The upward trend and the difference between groups were statistically significant (P <0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that workers exposed to noise intensity, length of service, types of work and exposure to noise age are closely related to the occurrence of noise-induced hearing loss. Workers exposed to noise intensity is stronger, longer service life, older age more prone to hearing loss; compared to Rotary workers, injection molders, die-casting workers and trimming workers have a higher risk of hearing loss. Conclusion The toy factory noise workers have a higher incidence of hearing loss; to reduce the occurrence of noise-induced hearing loss, the health supervision departments, enterprises and laborers need to work together.