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为了解析玉米雄穗相关性状的遗传机制,利用以黄早四为共同亲本组配的11个重组自交系群体,对玉米雄穗一级分枝数、雄穗主轴长和雄穗干重3个性状进行QTL分析。经过对11个群体及亲本2年3点的田间鉴定,单环境和联合环境下的玉米雄穗相关性状QTL定位,及基因型与环境互作和上位性互作分析,检测到15个在多环境下(5个环境以上)稳定表达的“环境钝感”主效QTL,其中,在染色体bin3.04区域,齐319群体和旅28群体中都定位到1个主效雄穗一级分枝数相关QTL,其平均贡献率分别为17.4%和14.4%,并且2个群体的QTL标记区间高度重叠,在IBM2008 Neighbors图谱上的重叠区间为226.0～230.1。对比不同群体结果发现,在2个群体以上都能检测到的一致性区间21个,其中在第2、第3、第6、第8染色体上的5个一致性区间在3个群体中可稳定表达。这些多环境和多个遗传背景下稳定表达的位点可作为玉米雄穗性状分子标记辅助选择、精细定位及基因克隆的候选位点。
In order to understand the genetic mechanism of tassel-related traits in maize, 11 recombinant inbred lines (IDHs) from Huangzao 4 were used to analyze the number of primary branches, the major axis of the tassel and the dry weight of the tassel QTL analysis of traits. After the field identification of 11 populations and their parents at 2 years and 3 o’clock, QTL mapping of maize tassel related traits in single environment and in the united environment, as well as genotype-environment interaction and epistasis, 15 more (QTL) stably expressed in the environment (more than 5 environments), among which, in the chromosome bin3.04 region, Qi319 group and the Brigade 28 locates a main effect tassel level The average number of QTLs associated with branching numbers was 17.4% and 14.4%, respectively, and the QTLs of two populations were highly overlapped. The overlap interval of IBM2008 Neighbors was 226.0-230.1. Comparing the results of different groups, we found 21 consistency intervals above 2 populations, among which 5 consistency intervals on chromosomes 2, 3, 6 and 8 were stable in 3 populations expression. These multiple environments and stable expression sites in multiple genetic backgrounds can serve as candidate markers for molecular marker-assisted selection, fine mapping and gene cloning of maize tassel.