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目的分析某院住院患儿疾病谱及死亡原因的年代变化趋势,为进一步做好儿童疾病医疗和预防保健工作提供科学依据。方法整理1992年～2006年15年某院住院患儿病案资料,共17,923份。并对这些病案资料进行疾病分类和死亡原因的变化趋势的统计和分析。结果呼吸、消化系统疾病一直占疾病排名的第1、2位;新生儿疾病、意外伤害逐年增加呈上升趋势,其中新生儿疾病跃升疾病排名的第3位,其病死率最高,死亡人数最多,占所有死亡疾病的首位;传染病、血液系统疾病则呈逐年递减的趋势。结论15年来儿童疾病谱和死亡原因均发生了变化,新生儿疾病已成为儿童住院及死亡的重要原因,与呼吸、消化系统疾病成为本地区危害儿童的主要疾病;而传染病、血液系统疾病则呈逐年下降的趋势。因此,提示了本院及本地区今后的工作重点一方面应继续加强儿童各类常见病、多发病的防治工作,另一方面应加强产科与儿科的合作,做好围生儿管理,降低新生儿疾病的病死率。
Objective To analyze the changing trend of the disease spectrum and the cause of death in children hospitalized in a hospital in order to provide a scientific basis for further medical care and preventive health care of children. Methods A total of 17,923 medical records of hospitalized children in a hospital from 1992 to 2006 were collected. Statistics and analysis of the trend of the disease classification and the cause of death of these medical record data. Results Respiratory and digestive diseases accounted for the first and second place of the disease rankings. Neonatal diseases and accidental injuries increased year by year. Among them, the third highest ranked disease of neonatal diseases was the highest, with the highest mortality rate and the highest number of deaths. Accounting for the first of all deaths; infectious diseases and hematological diseases are decreasing year by year. Conclusion The disease spectrum and the cause of death of children have changed in the past 15 years. Neonatal diseases have become the major cause of hospitalization and death of children, and respiratory and digestive diseases have become the major diseases endangering children in the region. Infectious diseases and blood diseases Showing a downward trend year by year. Therefore, it is suggested that future work priorities in this hospital and in the region should be strengthened on the one hand, prevention and control of various common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases in children should be continued. On the other hand, cooperation between obstetrics and pediatrics should be strengthened and perinatal management should be improved to reduce new students Case fatality rate of children.