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十七世纪末和十八世纪初,随着冶金和化学工业的发展,人们使用火的实践范围和规模日益扩大。化铁、炼焦、制陶、烧石灰、蒸酒精以及玻璃,肥皂等工业生产的需要促使人们去深入探求火及燃烧的本质。1703年,德国医生及化学家施塔尔(G.E.Stall,1660—1734)系统地提出一种关于燃烧的理论——“燃素说”。燃素说认为:火是由无数细小、活泼的微粒构成的物质实体,而由这种火微粒组成的火的元素就是“燃素”。燃素是种
In the late 17th and early 18th centuries, with the development of the metallurgical and chemical industries, the scope and scale of people’s practice of using fire has been expanding. The needs of industrial production such as iron, coking, making pottery, burning lime, steaming alcohol, glass, soap, etc., prompt people to inquire into the essence of fire and combustion. In 1703, the German doctor and chemist G.E. Stall (1660-1734) systematically proposed a theory about combustion - “The theory of phlogiston.” The phlogiston believes that fire is a physical entity made up of countless small, lively particles, and the element of fire made up of such fire particles is “phlogiston.” Phosphorus is a species