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以温室土壤水分为研究对象,以“千鼎一号”小型西瓜为试材,采用张力计连续监测在3种不同水肥处理(常规水肥、水肥减量20%及40%)下0~20cm和20~50cm温室土壤水分动态变化,及其对小型西瓜养分吸收、产量、品质及灌水利用率等的影响。结果表明:温室小型西瓜整个生育期不同处理土壤水分供应充足,0~50cm土壤相对含水率均在70%以上,常规和减量20%处理灌水后0~20cm和20~50cm土壤水分均达到或超过田间持水量,说明当地生产中存在植苗和苗期灌水量普遍偏高问题;水肥减量40%的处理灌溉量与土壤有效贮水量损失接近,其灌溉量为西瓜冠层水面蒸发量的41%;随水肥减量小型西瓜养分携出量无差异,产量有增加趋势,水肥减量40%显著提高了西瓜可溶性糖含量,灌水利用率从常规处理的59.8kg/m3提高到82.8kg/m3;依据该试验制定的当地温室早春茬小型西瓜生育期适宜灌溉定额为570m3/hm2。
Taking the soil moisture of greenhouse as the research object and the small watermelon of “Qianding No.1” as the test material, we used the tensiometer to continuously monitor the water quality of the three water-fertilizer treatments (conventional water and fertilizer, 20% and 40% Dynamic changes of soil moisture in 20cm and 20 ~ 50cm greenhouse and their effects on nutrient absorption, yield, quality and irrigation utilization of mini watermelon. The results showed that: the water supply of small-scale watermelon in different growth stages was enough, the relative water content of 0-50cm soil was more than 70%, and the soil moisture of 0-20cm and 20-50cm after 20% and 20% Over the field water capacity, indicating local production of seedlings and seedling irrigation generally high problem; 40% of the amount of water and fertilizer treatment and soil effective water storage loss close to the amount of irrigation watermelon canopy water surface 41 %. With the reduction of water and fertilizer, there was no difference in the amount of nutrients carried out by small watermelon, the yield had an increasing trend. The amount of water and fertilizer decreased by 40%, which increased the soluble sugar content of watermelon significantly, and the irrigation efficiency increased from 59.8kg / m3 to 82.8kg / m3 According to the test, the suitable irrigation quota of early spring small watermelon in the local greenhouse was 570m3 / hm2.