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目的分析江苏省不同流行类型和流行程度地区钉螺分布特点及变化规律,为采取因地制宜、分类指导的防治策略与措施提供依据。方法采取回顾性调查方法,收集江苏省2004-2008年螺点卡报表和血吸虫病防治(血防)工作报表资料,建立江苏省5年的Excel螺情数据总库,分析不同年份钉螺面积、感染性钉螺面积和钉螺感染率的变化趋势,比较流行类型和程度不同的地区上述指标的年间变化。结果2004-2008年期内实有钉螺面积和感染性钉螺面积分别减少了3799.86hm2和2006.35hm2,年平均降幅为9.64%和18.83%,其中江湖滩、水网和山丘型地区期内实有钉螺面积分别减少了3546.10、209.19hm2和44.57hm2,年平均降幅为9.59%、10.29%和11.18%。5年间共新查出钉螺面积22.02hm2,其中水网地区占89.24%。2004-2008年期内实有钉螺面积占历史有螺面积的2.77%～5.36%,其中未传播控制、传播控制和传播阻断地区期内实有钉螺面积占历史累计钉螺面积的百分比分别为13.29%～22.82%、0.88%～3.54%和0.14%～0.32%,3组间差异均有统计学意义(P均(0.01)。2004-2008年江湖滩、水网和山丘型地区期内实有钉螺面积的构成比分别为93.79%～95.60%、3.67%～5.45%和0.73%～1.01%。2004-2008年全省钉螺感染率由0.15%下降到0.02%,下降了85.50%(P<0.01),其中未传播控制、传播控制和传播阻断地区查出感染性钉螺面积的构成比分别为98.15%～100%、0～0.81%和0～1.43%。结论江苏省钉螺面积和感染性钉螺面积总体呈下降趋势,传播阻断地区螺情逐步得到巩固,有效控制江湖滩地区钉螺面积和未传播控制地区感染性钉螺面积是下阶段血防工作的重点。
Objective To analyze the distribution and variation of Oncomelania snails distribution in different prevalence and prevalence areas in Jiangsu Province and provide evidence for the prevention and control measures and measures according to local conditions and classified guidance. Methods A retrospective survey was conducted to collect data of Spirochaeta Card and schistosomiasis control report in Jiangsu Province from 2004 to 2008 and establish a 5-year database of Excel Spirometry Data in Jiangsu Province. The snail area, infectivity Snail area and snail infection rate trends, comparing the prevalence of different types and levels of regional changes in the above indicators. Results During 2004-2008, the area of snails and infective snails decreased by 3799.86hm2 and 2006.35hm2, respectively, with an average annual decrease of 9.64% and 18.83%. Among them, Jianghu beach, water network and hillside area had Oncomelania area decreased by 3546.10, 209.19hm2 and 44.57hm2 respectively, the average annual decline was 9.59%, 10.29% and 11.18%. In the past five years, a total area of 22.02hm2 was found in snails, of which 89.24% were occupied by water networks. During the period of 2004-2008, the actual area of snails occupied 2.77% -5.36% of the area covered by history, of which the percentage of actual areas containing snails on the area covered by non-transmission control, propagation control and propagation blockage was 13.29 % ~ 22.82%, 0.88% ~ 3.54% and 0.14% ~ 0.32%, respectively, with significant difference between the three groups (P <0.01) .In 2004-2008, The percentage of snail area was 93.79% ~ 95.60%, 3.67% ~ 5.45% and 0.73% ~ 1.01%, respectively. The infection rate of snail decreased from 0.15% to 0.02% in 2004-2008, down by 85.50% (P < 0.01). The proportions of infected snails were 98.15% ~ 100%, 0 ~ 0.81% and 0 ~ 1.43%, respectively, in areas with no transmission control, propagation control and transmission block.Conclusion The area and infectivity Oncomelania snails generally showed a downward trend, and the snail status in the areas where the transmission was blocked was gradually consolidated. Effective control of the area of snails on the rivers and lakes and the area of non-transmission control snails was the focus of blood and anti-epidemic work in the next phase.