一那是一段屈辱的历史,一份永久的伤痛。近代百年,英、法、日、美、俄等列强先后对中国发动了大小数百次侵略战争,致使国都三次沦陷。其中,大规模的战争有:1840—1842年的鸦片战争,1856—1860年的第二次鸦片战争,1883—1885年的中法战争,1894—1895年的中日甲午战争,1900—1901 That is a period of humiliation, a permanent pain. In the past hundred years, the powers such as Britain, France, Japan, the United States, and Russia successively launched hundreds of aggressive wars over China, causing the three capitals to fall. Among them, large-scale wars include: the Opium War of 1840-1882, the Second Opium War of 1856-1860, the Sino-French War of 1883-1885, the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, 1900-1901