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目的在中国西北地区聋哑人群中进行耳聋的临床病因学分析,明确不同致聋因素在该地区耳聋患者中的分布特点和流行规律。方法对中国西北地区5所聋哑学校的801例聋哑学生,采用问卷式调查及电话家访的方式采集病史;由专科医生进行全身及耳部检查排除综合征型患者;由专业测听师进行听力学检测,判断听力损失程度。结果801例聋哑学生中有326例为药物性聋,占40.69%(326/801),其中氨基糖苷类抗生素(AmAn)致聋占药物性聋的86.5%(282/326);家族遗传性聋85例,占10.61%(85/801);母孕期感染、新生儿疾患及婴幼儿期疾病引起的耳聋190例,占23.72%(190/801)。结论药物性聋是导致该地区耳聋发病的主要原因,其次为家族遗传性聋;新生儿和婴幼儿疾病也是导致该地区耳聋的主要因素。
Objective To analyze the clinical etiology of deafness in the deaf and mute people in northwestern China and determine the distribution and prevalence of different deafness factors in deafness patients in this area. Methods A total of 801 deaf-mute students in five deaf-mute schools in northwestern China were enrolled in the study. Their medical history was collected by questionnaire survey and phone interview. Patients with syndrome were excluded by the specialist and the ears were examined by professional audiologists Hearing tests to determine the degree of hearing loss. Results Of the 801 deaf and dumb students, 326 were drug-induced deafness, accounting for 40.69% (326/801), 86.5% (282/326) of deafness caused by aminoglycoside antibiotics (AmAn) 85 cases were deaf, accounting for 10.61% (85/801). There were 190 cases of deafness caused by infection in mother’s life, neonatal diseases and infantile diseases, accounting for 23.72% (190/801). Conclusion Drug-induced deafness is the main cause of deafness in this area, followed by familial hereditary deafness. Neonatal and infantile diseases are also the main causes of deafness in this area.