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“近代中国的民族反省”,是指近代中国人对本民族的不足——特别是民族心理、民族精神之缺失的批判性的自我体认。大体说来,近代民族反省经历了对器物、制度与文化根本之不足进行反省的三个阶段。从国民性批判及民族精神反思的意义上说,近代民族反省则经历了鸦片战争之后启蒙的发轫、甲午战争之后国民性反思浪潮的涌起与五四时期国民性批判达到高潮这样三个阶段。自省、旁观、比较成为近代民族反省尤其是国民性批判的三重视野。针砭劣根性、解剖病源、构建民族精神即新国民性,是近代民族反省思潮重点关注的三个问题。
The “ethnic introspection in modern China” refers to the critical self-recognition of the shortcomings of modern Chinese in their own nationality, especially the lack of national psychology and national spirit. Generally speaking, modern nationality has experienced three stages of introspection on the inadequacies of utensils, systems and culture. In the sense of nationalistic critique and reflection on national spirit, modern national introspection went through three stages: the initiation of enlightenment after the Opium War, the upsurge of nationalistic reflexivity after the Sino-Japanese War, and the climax of national character criticism during the May 4th Movement. Self-examination, observance and comparison have become the triple vision of modern national reflection, especially the criticism of national character. Anecdote of stingy root, anatomizing the source of disease and constructing national spirit, ie, new national character, are the three issues that are the focus of attention in modern national thoughts of introspection.