历史的真实性亦即客观性,是历史著作撰写的基本原则,对此人们当无异议。从理论上来说,历史的真相只有一种,无论什么样的历史学家只要他们按照历史的真实性原则进行研究和写作,写出的历史真相即作品的内容应该是基本相同的。然而在历史研究和撰写历史论著的实际过程中,相同的历史事件和相同的历史人物,写出的历史研究作品却往往会有不同,乃至截然相反。出现这种现象,也许和研究者违背了研究历史时所秉持的真实性原则有关,不过也不尽然,因 The authenticity of history, or objectivity, is the basic principle in the writing of historical writings, and there is no objection to this. Theoretically speaking, there is only one truth in history. No matter what type of historian they study and write according to the principle of historical truth, the historical truth that is written should be basically the same in content. However, in the actual process of historical research and the compilation of historical treatises, historical works written by the same historical events and historical figures are often different or even opposite. This phenomenon may be related to the principle of authenticity that researchers have violated in the study of history, but not necessarily because of