目的总结新生儿气胸的病因及治疗方法。方法分析2007年1月-2011年12月我院收治40例新生儿气胸临床资料。结果 40例中,肺压缩<30%的8例患儿保守治疗后,气胸自行吸收;≥30%的32例中,27例予静脉留置针穿刺排气治疗治愈,4例予膈下切口置入胸导管作胸腔闭式引流成功,1例放弃治疗。结论根据气胸程度选择适当的治疗方案,规范急救复苏及熟练使用机械通气可降低气胸的发生率。 Objective To summarize the etiology and treatment of neonatal pneumothorax. Methods From January 2007 to December 2011, 40 cases of neonates with pneumothorax were treated in our hospital. Results Of the 40 cases, 8 cases with pulmonary compression less than 30% had spontaneous pneumothorax after conservative treatment and 27 cases with ≥30% were cured with venous catheterization and 4 cases underwent subglacial incision Thoracic duct into the thoracic drainage success, 1 case to give up treatment. Conclusion According to the extent of pneumothorax select the appropriate treatment regimen, standard emergency resuscitation and skilled use of mechanical ventilation can reduce the incidence of pneumothorax.