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对数图解法是处理化学平衡的一种直观的数学计算法。它可以将溶液中多种离子存在的复杂平衡关系,从图中清楚地表示出来;容易从图中直观地看出溶液的〔H~+〕浓度,主要组分、次要组分和可忽略组分之间的关系,并计算其浓度。在酸碱滴定中是一种非常简便、快速、直观的方法。例如关于终点误差,现行统编教材是从酸碱平衡关系直接判断,这对于简单的一元酸(碱)的滴定还可以,对于复杂的多元酸(碱)的滴定就非常困难。即使用较先进的“质子条件”,虽能导出滴定多元酸的终点误差公式,但在判断主要组分与次要组分时却较困难。而用对数图解法却非常简明、直观。本文将结合武汉大学主编的理科统编教材,讨论对数图解法在酸碱滴定中的应用,并用对数图解法探讨酸碱滴定中的一些基本理论问题。
Logarithmic graphing is an intuitive mathematical method of dealing with chemical equilibrium. It can be complex balance of ions in the solution, clearly shown from the figure; easy to see directly from the graph the concentration of the solution [H ~], the main component, the minor component and can be ignored The relationship between the components, and calculate the concentration. In acid-base titration is a very simple, fast and intuitive method. For example, regarding the end point error, the current textbook is judged directly from the acid-base equilibrium relationship. This is also true for titration of a simple monoacid (base), which is very difficult for the titration of a complex polyacid (base). Even with the more advanced “proton conditions,” although the end point error formula for titration of polybasic acids can be derived, it is more difficult to judge the major and minor components. The logarithmic graphical method is very concise and intuitive. This article will be combined with the Wuhan University compiled the textbook system of science to discuss the application of logarithmic graph in acid-base titration, and logarithm diagram to explore the acid-base titration of some of the basic theoretical issues.