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随着畜禽养殖业的发展,规模化养殖的环境影响日益突出,笔者基于2007年、2011年和2012年的污染源普查数据和环境统计数据,采用地理信息系统(GIS)对吉林省松辽流域典型地区的规模化畜禽养殖状况及污染的空间分布特征进行了研究,并在此基础上分析了污染物的减排潜力。结果表明:5年间研究区规模化畜禽养殖的数量逐年减少,但是畜禽养殖所产生的污染物排放量逐年增加。研究区内畜禽养殖污染主要分布在榆树市、九台区、桦甸市和双辽市,化学需氧量(COD)排放量增长速率最快的地区为舒兰县和磐石县,总氮(TN)排放量增长速率最快的地区是东丰县。污染物COD减排潜力较大的地区是梨树县,TN减排潜力较大的地区是双辽市和扶余市。
With the development of livestock and poultry breeding, the environmental impact of large-scale aquaculture has become increasingly prominent. Based on the census of pollution sources and environmental statistics in 2007, 2011 and 2012, the author uses Geographic Information System (GIS) The situation of large-scale livestock and poultry breeding and the spatial distribution of pollution in typical areas were studied, and on the basis of this, the potential of emission reduction of pollutants was analyzed. The results showed that the number of large-scale livestock and poultry breeding in the study area decreased year by year, but the discharge of pollutants from livestock and poultry breeding increased year by year. The pollution of livestock and poultry breeding in the study area was mainly distributed in Yushu, Jiutai, Huadian and Shuangliao. The areas with the fastest growth of chemical oxygen demand (COD) emissions were Shulan County and Panshi County, total nitrogen (TN) The fastest growing area for emissions is Dongfeng County. The area where the pollutant COD reduction potential is larger is Lishu County, and the areas where the TN emission reduction potential is larger are Shuangliao City and Fuyu City.