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目的:分析我院开展产前筛查、遗传咨询、超声产前检查等产前诊断后,活产婴儿中出生缺陷儿发生率下降情况。方法:回顾我院大面积开展产前筛查、遗传咨询、超声产前检查等产前诊断以后的活产婴儿中出生缺陷病例登记,χ2检验统计分析出生缺陷发生率变化。结果:自2004年1月～2007年12月出生13 030例围产儿,男6 808例,女6 219例,性别不明3例,出生缺陷儿222例,出生缺陷发生率为17.04‰;围产儿死亡率为14.35‰,在围产儿死亡中,出生缺陷有逐渐上升的趋势,平均为39.04%。行产前诊断,孕妇知情选择行终止妊娠后足月活产婴儿中的出生缺陷率下降为11.82‰,有极显著差异(χ2=12.47,P<0.001),其中以神经管畸形降幅最大,先天性心脏病、唐氏综合征、总唇裂均有所下降。结论:产前诊断可发现胎儿患有严重出生缺陷,为孕产妇提供了终止病理妊娠的机会,是提高出生人口质量的重要措施之一。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the decline of the incidence of birth defects in live-born infants after prenatal diagnosis such as prenatal screening, genetic counseling and ultrasonic prenatal examination in our hospital. Methods: To review the large number of prenatal screening in our hospital, genetic counseling, prenatal ultrasound and other prenatal diagnosis of postpartum births in cases of birth defects registered, χ2 test statistical analysis of changes in the incidence of birth defects. Results: From January 2004 to December 2007, 13,030 perinatal infants were born. There were 6,808 males and 619 females with 3 males and 2 females with birth defects. The incidence of birth defects was 17.04 per thousand. Perinatal children The mortality rate was 14.35 ‰. Birth defects were gradually increasing in the perinatal death, with an average of 39.04%. In prenatal diagnosis, the rate of birth defects in full-term live births decreased to 11.82 ‰ after pregnancy termination (χ2 = 12.47, P <0.001), with the largest decrease in neural tube defects and congenital Sexual heart disease, Down’s syndrome, total cleft lip have declined. Conclusion: Prenatal diagnosis of fetuses with severe birth defects may be found, providing pregnant women with the opportunity to terminate the pathological pregnancy is one of the important measures to improve the quality of the birth population.