A sharp struggle has gone on in the history of urban construction in China between the Confucian and Legalist lines both in theory and in practice. This article amasses the relevant historical data and deals with the controversy between the two schools over the following questions: 1. in handling the relationship between cities and agriculture, should the latter be developed so as to promote the growth of the former, or should agriculture be neglected, thus disrupting the Provisions for the cities; 2. in urban construction, should production be developed and efforts made to effect savings and economics, or should it be undermined by wastes and extravagance; 3. in city defence constructing works, should defences be built up against violent invaders, or should they be abandoned with the aim of making compromises with or even capitulating to the invaders; 4. in city planning, should one proceed in the spirit of rudimentary dialectical materialist or in the spirit of idealist apriorism. In dealing with the two-line dispute in the history of urban construction, the aim of this article is to help deepen the understanding of the current struggle between the proletarian and bourgeois lines and make urban construction serve the consolidation of the dictatorship of the proletariat. A sharp struggle has gone on in the history of urban construction in China between the Confucian and Legalist lines both in theory and in practice. This article amasses the relevant historical data and deals with the controversy between the two schools over the following questions: 1. In handling the relationship between cities and agriculture, should the latter be developed so as to promote the growth of the former, or should agriculture be neglected, disrupting the Provisions for the cities; 2. in urban construction, should production be developed and efforts Made to effect savings and economics, or should it be undermined by wastes and extravagance; 3. in city defence constructing works, should defences be built up against violent invaders, or should they be abandoned with the aim of making compromises with or even capitulating to The invaders; 4. in city planning, should one proceed in the spirit of rudimentary dialectical materialist or in the spirit of idealist apriorism. I n dealing with the two-line dispute in the history of urban construction, the aim of this article is to help deepen the understanding of the current struggle between the proletarian and bourgeois lines and make urban construction serve the the consolidation of the dictatorship of the proletariat.