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1946年5月4日,根据内战危机十分严重,解放区广大农民强烈要求进行土地改革的新形势,中共中央制订了《五四指示》,它是一个具有过渡性质的政策,是中国共产党在解决农民土地问题时,由削弱封建剥削向废除封建剥削制度转变的重要文献,虽然具有不彻底性。但在就当时的国内形势来看,这种不彻底性在一定程度上有合理性和必要性。此外,对地主等的土地采取和平赎买的方法,更是党在解决解放区农民土地问题的一次创新。因此,对这一问题的认识,有利于我们进一步客观评价《五四指示》的历史作用,深化对党土地改革政策的理解。
On May 4, 1946, under the serious crisis in the civil war, the vast majority of peasants in the liberated areas strongly urged a new situation of land reform. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formulated the May 4 Directive. It is a policy of a transitional nature. It is a policy that the Chinese Communist Party Land issues, from the weakening of feudal exploitation to the abolition of the feudal regime of the important documents, although not thorough. However, at the time of the domestic situation, this incompleteness was, to some extent, reasonable and necessary. In addition, the land purchase of land by landlords and other methods of redemption is even more an innovation of the party in resolving the problem of peasants’ land in the liberated areas. Therefore, our understanding of this issue will help us further evaluate the historical role of the “May 4 Directive” objectively and deepen our understanding of the party’s land reform policy.