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高速公路是现代社会不可或缺的基础设施,但其生态环境效益尚不甚明晰。特别是对于于高速公路建设与运营的碳足迹研究不多。选取江苏省为研究区域,在合理预测未来交通需求的基础上,定量分析8条干线高速公路在2001年-2050年间建设、运营和通行的碳足迹变化。结果显示:整体上,省内干线高速公路生态效益良好,2031年前能完全回收碳排放并产生正的生态效应;分路段来看,京沪高速(G2)广陵以南段、沪蓉高速(G42)、常台高速(G15W)、常合高速(S38)、京沪高速(G2)广陵以北段等2030年前即可回收碳排放,碳减排效益可观,而沈海高速(G15)至2050年仅能回收约一半的碳排放,碳减排效益不明显。同时研究揭示,高速公路碳减排效益与经济效益似线性相关,即车流未饱和情况下,高速公路生态效益的发挥直接受断面流量控制,与经济效益保持较好的同步性。综上,本文的理念和方法可应用于与生态评价相关的研究中,数据可推广至与研究区域相似的地域,从而为高速公路事业发展和环境保护及相关政策制定提供借鉴。
Expressway is an indispensable infrastructure in modern society, but its ecological and environmental benefits are not yet clear. In particular, there is not much research on the carbon footprint of highway construction and operation. Taking Jiangsu Province as the research area, on the basis of reasonably forecasting the traffic demand in the future, this paper quantitatively analyzes the changes of the carbon footprint of the construction, operation and access of eight trunk expressways from 2001 to 2050. The results show that, overall, the ecological benefits of trunk expressways in the province are good, and the carbon emissions can be fully recovered before 2031 and have a positive ecological effect. In terms of sub-sections, the south section of Guangling, Beijing-Shanghai Expressway, G15), S38 and Beijing-Shanghai Expressway to the north of Guangling can recover their carbon emissions by 2030. The benefits of carbon emission reduction are considerable. However, the Shenyang-G15 Expressway (G15) By 2050, only about half of the carbon emissions can be recovered, and the carbon emission reduction benefits are not obvious. At the same time, the study revealed that the efficiency of carbon emission reduction in expressways is linearly related to economic benefits. That is to say, under the condition of not saturated traffic flow, the ecological benefits of expressways are directly controlled by the cross-section flow rate, which is in good synchrony with the economic benefits. In summary, the concepts and methods of this paper can be applied to the research related to ecological evaluation. The data can be extended to similar areas with the study area, which can provide reference for the highway development and environmental protection and related policy making.