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民族地区城镇化,不但需要加强法律保障及政策指导等自上而下的“硬制度”功能的发挥,还需要充分发挥包括信任、社会网络、互惠准则及共同规范等社会资本自下而上“软制度”的作用。社会资本是促进民族地区劳动力迁移的重要驱动力,社会关系是民族群众在城市就业、生活以及实现公共服务均等化的重要依托。与此同时,民族地区城镇化面临着多元文化融合适应、狭隘民族信任封闭性、缺乏互惠互利准则及共同价值规范等问题,干扰了城镇化的进程。培育适应城镇化的民族社会资本,搭建城镇化社会信任网络,重构各民族共生发展机制是实现民族地区城镇化进程中就业资源共享以及社会和谐的重要途径。
Urbanization in ethnic regions not only needs to strengthen the top-down function of “hardship” such as legal guarantee and policy guidance, but also gives full play to social capital including trust, social networks, reciprocal norms and common norms. On the “soft system ” role. Social capital is an important driving force for promoting labor migration in ethnic areas. Social relations are an important basis for ethnic minorities in finding employment and living in urban areas and for equalizing public services. At the same time, urbanization in ethnic areas is confronted with issues of integration and adaptation of diverse cultures, the isolation of narrow ethnic trusts, the lack of reciprocal and mutually beneficial norms and common values, which disrupt the process of urbanization. It is an important way to realize the sharing of employment resources and social harmony in the course of urbanization in minority areas by fostering national social capital that is suitable for urbanization, setting up a trust network of urbanization society and reconstructing the symbiotic development mechanism of all ethnic groups.