云冈石窟位于山西省大同市城西16公里处的武周山麓,是我国现存最大的古代石窟之一。它开凿于北魏前期,距今已有1500多年的历史,石窟群依山开凿,东西绵延1公里。现存主要洞窟45个,依据山势的自然起伏,可分为东中西三部分。东部有4窟(l～4),中部有9窟(5～13),西部有30多窟。此外,尚有许多小型窟龛1500多个。窟内外现存大小造像共51000多尊。据有关资料记载,历史上曾数次对云冈石窟进行修饰,但详细情节尚不清楚。从现有的情况看,云冈石窟东、中部的洞窟中,窟顶、窟壁及造像上的彩绘颜料,除人手能触及到的地方外,均保存完好,仍较鲜艳。对古代文物所用颜料的分析研究,不仅能为修复、保护有关文物提供科学数据,而且也为研究古代科技史提供新的资料。本世纪30年代以来,国内外有关学者对中国 Yungang Grottoes is located in the foothills of Wu Zhou, 16 kilometers west of Datong City, Shanxi Province, and is one of the largest existing ancient grottoes in China. It was carved in the early Northern Wei Dynasty, dating back more than 1,500 years of history, the grottoes cut along the mountain, stretching 1 km things. The existing 45 main caves, according to the natural ups and downs of the mountain, can be divided into three parts of East, West and East. There are 4 caves (l ~ 4) in the east, 9 caves (5 ~ 13) in the middle, and more than 30 caves in the west. In addition, there are many more than 1500 small niches. Cave inside and outside the size of the existing statues total more than 51,000 respect. According to relevant information, several times in the history of the Yungang Grottoes are modified, but the details are not clear. Judging from the current situation, the painted pigments on the caves, cave walls and statues in the east and middle parts of the Yungang Grottoes are well preserved and still vivid except where they can be touched by human hands. The analysis of the pigments used in ancient relics not only provides scientific data for the restoration and protection of related relics, but also provides new information for the study of the history of ancient science and technology. Since the 1930s, relevant scholars at home and abroad have made remarks on China