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目的：为了提高肺孤立性病灶（φ＜３ｃｍ）肺癌、肺结核瘤、肺炎性假瘤３种疾患的诊断率，更有效地指导手术方式及手术范围。方法：将１２４例肺孤立性病灶（φ＜３ ｃｍ）经手术病理证实的肺癌、肺结核瘤、肺炎性假瘤分成３组，对患者临床症状，病灶的生长部位，Ｘ线、ＣＴ的表现，支气管镜、痰检等检查及误诊的特点进行详细的比较分析。结果：３组病例的临床表现相似；采用支气管镜及痰检诊断阳性率极低；３组病例病灶的分布，在Ｘ线、ＣＴ上的表现有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：患者的临床症状及支气管镜、痰检检查对肺孤立性病灶（φ＜３ｃｍ）的鉴别诊断帮助不大；病灶的生长部位，Ｘ线、ＣＴ的表现特点将有助于术前的明确诊断。
Objective: To improve the diagnostic rate of isolated lung lesions (φ<3cm), pulmonary tuberculoma, and pneumonia pseudotumor, and to guide the surgical approach and scope of surgery more effectively. METHODS: Lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis, and pneumonia were diagnosed in 124 lung isolated lesions (φ<3 cm) with surgical pathology. They were divided into 3 groups: clinical symptoms, growth sites of the lesions, and X-ray and CT findings. Bronchoscopy, sputum examination and other characteristics of misdiagnosis and detailed comparative analysis. Results: The clinical manifestations of the three groups were similar; the positive rate of bronchoscopy and sputum examination was very low; the distribution of lesions in the three groups had significant differences on X-ray and CT (P<0.01). Conclusion: Clinical symptoms, bronchoscopy, and sputum examination of patients have little help in the differential diagnosis of isolated lung lesions (φ<3cm); the site of lesions, X-ray and CT manifestations will help to clarify the preoperative conditions. diagnosis.