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为了解东北地区农户春玉米的施肥现状,2012~2014年连续3年采用随机抽样的方法对吉林省梨树县各乡镇的农户进行了问卷调查,结果显示,2012~2014年农户的施肥行为发生了很大的变化:追肥农户比例呈逐年降低的趋势,分别为36.8%、27%和19.1%,然而,在不同土壤类型上种植玉米的农户追肥比例有较大差异,在风沙土种植玉米的农户中有64.5%采用了追肥,在黑土、冲积土和其他土壤类型上种植玉米的农户中施用追肥的比例分别只有14%、8.3%和9.6%;施氮量的统计数据表明,在适宜区间内(160~240 kg·hm-2)的农户比例为40.8%,有54.1%的农户过量施用氮肥(>240 kg·hm-2),且追肥农户的施氮量比一次性施肥农户更高。根据农户的追肥意愿调查,有80.8%的农户认为追肥能够增产,而选择一次性施肥的农户中有80.1%是因为一次性施肥方便,但如果能提供好用的追肥机械,仍有76.2%的农户会选择追肥。
In order to understand the current status of spring maize fertilization in northeast China, a questionnaire survey was conducted on farmers in each township of Lishu County in Jilin Province from 2012 to 2014 for three consecutive years using random sampling. The results showed that farmers’ fertilization behavior occurred from 2012 to 2014 A great change: the proportion of top-dressing farmers showed a trend of decreasing year by year, which was 36.8%, 27% and 19.1% respectively. However, there was a big difference in dressing proportion of farmers planting maize on different soil types, 64.5% of the farmers used top-dressing, and the proportion of top-dressing applied to farmers planting corn in black soil, alluvial soil and other soil types was only 14%, 8.3% and 9.6% respectively. The statistics of nitrogen application showed that in the suitable interval The proportion of farmers (160 ~ 240 kg · hm-2) was over 40.8%, 54.1% of them were over-fertilized with nitrogen fertilizer (> 240 kg · hm-2), and the nitrogen application rate of top dressing farmers was higher than that of single fertilization . According to the questionnaire survey of top-dressing willingness of farmers, 80.8% of farmers think topdressing can increase yield, while 80.1% of those who choose to use one-time fertilization are convenient because of one-time fertilization. However, 76.2% Farmers will choose top-dressing.