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表面活性剂是能够显著降低水的表面张力的物质.它是由极性的亲水基和非极性的憎水基两部分组成.这样的结构从本质上决定了表面活性剂的性质,表面活性剂是优良的增效分析试剂,对分析、分离方法有增溶、增敏、增稳等增效作用.表面活性剂应用于分析化学虽然只有三十年的时间,但发展迅速,特别在光度分析中的应用成了热点之一.下面就将表面活性剂的结构、性质及在光度分析中的应用作一简要概述.1 表面活性剂的分类、结构及性质1.1 分类和结构目前常用的表面活性剂按离子类型分类,溶于水能离解成离子的叫离子型表面活性剂;在水中不能离解成离子的叫非离子型表面活性剂;还有一类它的亲油基很小,或分散于亲水基之间,但仍有一定的表面活性,归属于特殊表面活性剂.离子型表面活性剂又可分为阳离子型、阴离子型和两性表面活性
Surfactant is able to significantly reduce the surface tension of water substances.It is composed of a polar hydrophilic and non-polar hydrophobic base.This structure essentially determines the nature of the surfactant, the surface The active agent is an excellent synergistic reagent with the synergistic effect on solubilization, sensitization and stabilization of the analytical and separation methods.Surfactant has been used in analytical chemistry for thirty years, Photometric analysis of the application has become one of the hot spots. The following will be the structure of the surfactant, properties and applications in photometric analysis for a brief overview .1 The classification, structure and properties of surfactants 1.1 Classification and structure Currently used Surfactants by ion type classification, soluble in water can dissociate into ions called ionic surfactants; in water can not dissociate into ions called non-ionic surfactants; there is a class of its lipophilic group is small, or Scattered between the hydrophilic groups, but there is still a certain degree of surface activity, attributable to special surfactants. Ionic surfactants can be divided into cationic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants