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本文在国内外学者发展起来的检验方法基础上,使用中国经济体系的价值型投入-产出表数据,对市场价格、直接价格(劳动价值)与生产价格的偏离进行了回归分析与偏离指标测算,基本结果同对美国、英国、日本、徳国等发达经济体的检验以及其他学者对中国经济的检验是一致的,都表明劳动价值决定了至少90%以上(有时多达95%以上)的市场价格波动,而且生产价格比市场价格更为接近劳动价值。此外,本文对求解马克思转形问题的A、B体系进行了比较研究,发现B体系既满足马克思两个“总量一致”命题,也在经验检验上优于A体系。采用B体系的转形理论,可以实现马克思劳动价值论从理论到实际的严密结合。
Based on the test methods developed by scholars both at home and abroad, this paper uses regression analysis and deviations of market price, direct price (labor value) and production price from the value input-output data of China’s economy. . The basic results are consistent with those of the developed economies such as the United States, Britain, Japan, and Germany and other scholars’ tests of the Chinese economy. Both show that labor value determines at least 90% (and sometimes as much as 95% or more) The market price fluctuates, and the production price is closer to the labor value than the market price. In addition, this paper makes a comparative study of the A and B systems for solving the problem of transformation of Marxism, and finds that the B system not only satisfies the two propositions of “total consistency” of Marx, but also surpasses the A system in the empirical test. Using the transformative theory of system B, we can achieve a close combination of theory and practice of Marx’s labor theory of value.