伴随人类社会的发展与人口的增长,人类排泄物(粪便、尿液)对水环境,特别是地下水的氮的污染愈来愈受到重视。寻求解决这一问题的对策已是环境保护领域的重要课题。由于欧洲国家传统饮食结构素以动物性食物为主,随着生产力的发展,生活水平的不断提高,食物中蛋白质的摄入量越来越高,普遍大大超过营养需要量。以德国为例,目前其人均蛋白质摄入水平已是营养需要量的3倍。这造成人类排泄物中含氮化合物的含量上升,从而对水环境,特别是地下水产生了严重的污染。面对这一形势,德国一些研究所已开展了这方面有关课题的研究。水环境中的有机物以含氮化合物最不稳定。它们最初进入水体的多是十分复杂的有机氮形式,由于水中微生物的分解作用,逐渐变成较简单的化合物,即由蛋白性物质分解成肽、氨基酸等,最后产生氨。在上述降解过程中有机氮化合物不断减少,而无机氮化合物则不断增加。若处于无氧环境,则最终产物是氨;如有氧存在则氨 With the development of human society and population growth, human waste (excrement, urine) on the water environment, especially groundwater nitrogen pollution more and more attention. The solution to this problem is an important issue in the field of environmental protection. Due to the fact that traditional dietary structural elements in European countries are mainly animal foods, with the development of productive forces and living standards, the intake of protein in food is getting higher and higher, generally far exceeding the nutritional requirements. In Germany, for example, the current level of protein intake per capita is already three times the nutritional requirement. This leads to an increase in the content of nitrogenous compounds in human excrement, thereby causing serious pollution to the water environment, especially groundwater. Faced with this situation, some German research institutes have carried out research on this topic. Organic nitrogen compounds in water environment the most unstable. Most of them initially enter the body of water is a very complex form of organic nitrogen, due to the decomposition of microorganisms in water gradually become a simple compound, that is, from protein substances into peptides, amino acids, etc., and finally produce ammonia. During the degradation process, organic nitrogen compounds decreased while inorganic nitrogen compounds increased continuously. If in an oxygen-free environment, the final product is ammonia; ammonia is present if oxygen is present