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新疆是中国古代所指西域的一个重要部分,是丝绸之路的必经要道。晚清在西北边疆危机的背景下,清政府在此仿效内地设立行省,沿用至民国,对西北边疆的巩固起到了至关重要的作用。然而,在如此一个民族众多、纷争不断的区域内如果照搬内地通行的制度体制与行政管理结构会产生诸多弊端,也与新兴的人民共和国倡导的民族团结、民族平等不相适应。因此,如何对边疆民族地区的制度进行顶层设计,建构一种新型的、适合边疆民族地区的体制,是对新中国成立初期中国共产党的执政能力的一项考验。
Xinjiang is an important part of the Western Regions that China refers to in ancient times and is an indispensable part of the Silk Road. In the late Qing Dynasty in the context of the crisis of the northwestern frontier, the Qing government followed the example of setting up a province in the Mainland to the Republic of China and played a crucial role in consolidating the northwestern frontier. However, in such a large area with numerous disputes and strife there will be many drawbacks if the system and administration structure prevailing in the Mainland are to be copied. And it is also incompatible with the national unity and ethnic equality advocated by the emerging People’s Republic of China. Therefore, how to carry out the top-level design of the system in the frontier minority areas and construct a new type of system suitable for the frontier ethnic areas is a test of the ruling ability of the CPC in the early days of the founding of New China.