为了加速我国钢铁工业的发展,寻求投资省、见效快、效益高的发展途径,本文在阐述国内外电炉小型钢厂现状的基础上,对于在我国发展小型电炉钢厂生产普通小型钢材的问题,从能源消耗、废钢来源、及经济效益等方面进行了分析,并对此类工厂的建设条件及经济界限提出了自己的看法。近几年来,国内外电炉小型钢厂迅速兴起,这种小型电炉钢厂在欧美各国称为小钢厂(Mini—Mill)。其特点是:以当地的废钢为原料,以当地所需要的建筑钢材及结构钢材为主要产品,一般采用废钢—电炉—连铸—连轧工艺,年生产能力为10—50万吨。这种小型电炉钢厂由于设备先进生产效率高,减少了原材料及产品的相向运输,成本低、经济效益好,由于企业规模小投资省,建设周期短。一般从设计至投产只需一年半到两年时间,建成后两年即可达到设计产量,同时由于企业规模小灵活性大适应新技术发展的能力强,改造方便。因此它们的产品在钢材市场上的比重正在逐年升高。如在美国这种小钢厂的生产能力1971年只有600万吨,1986年已猛增至2200万吨,予计本世纪末可达到3400万吨。小钢厂生产能力在美国钢铁工业中所占的比重予计将由1975年的6.4%上升到本世纪末的36.2%。在日本、意大利、苏联以及一些发展中国家,这种小型电炉钢厂的生产能力也都有较大的发展。我国近几年来在西安、青岛、烟台、哈尔滨、江苏等地陆续建设了一些年产10—20万吨的小型电炉钢厂。但是对于在我国是否适宜发展这种小型电炉钢厂一直是有争议的,归结起来大体上有两种不同的看法:一种观点认为国外的实践已经证明这种小型电炉钢厂投资省、见效快、效益好我国也应大力发展;另一种观点认为这种小型电炉钢厂在欧美各国之所以能够迅速发展,原因在于美国具有廉价的电与废钢,而我国废钢不足,电力供应紧张、电价高,因此对小型电炉钢厂是否适合我国的国情持否定的态度。为了加速我国钢铁工业的发展,寻求投资省、见效快,效益高的发展途径,探讨我国小型电炉钢厂发展的问题,本文就在我国发展小型电炉钢厂存在的几个主要问题作一些粗浅的分析: In order to speed up the development of China’s iron and steel industry, to seek ways of development of investment province, quick, high efficiency, this paper elaborated the current situation of small electric steel mills at home and abroad, on the development of small electric steel mills in China to produce ordinary small steel, From the aspects of energy consumption, scrap sources, and economic benefits, the author puts forward his own views on the construction conditions and economic boundaries of such factories. In recent years, the rapid rise of small domestic and international electric furnace steel mills, this small electric steel mills in Europe and the United States called the small mill (Mini-Mill). Its features are: the local scrap as raw material, the local needs of the construction steel and structural steel as the main products, the general use of scrap - electric furnace - continuous casting - continuous rolling process, the annual production capacity of 10-50 million tons. Because of the advanced production efficiency of the equipment, the small electric steel mills reduce the relative transportation of raw materials and products with low cost and good economic returns. Due to the small investment in the enterprises, the construction period is short. Generally it takes only a year and a half to two years from design to production. After two years of construction, it can reach the designed output. At the same time, due to the small scale and flexibility of the enterprise, the ability to adapt to the development of new technologies is strong and the transformation is convenient. Therefore, their products in the steel market share is increasing year by year. As in the United States, the production capacity of such small steel mills was only 6 million tons in 1971 and soared to 22 million tons in 1986, reaching 34 million tons by the end of this century. The share of small steel mills in the U.S. steel industry is projected to rise from 6.4% in 1975 to 36.2% by the end of this century. In Japan, Italy, the Soviet Union and some developing countries, the production capacity of such small electric steel mills also has greatly developed. In recent years, some small-scale electric steel mills with an annual output of 100,000 to 200,000 tons have been built in Xi’an, Qingdao, Yantai, Harbin and Jiangsu. However, it remains controversial for the feasibility of developing such small electric steel mills in our country. In summary, there are basically two different opinions. One view is that foreign practices have proved that this type of small electric steel mills is economically effective , Good efficiency should also be vigorously developed in our country; another point of view that this small electric steel mill in Europe and the United States have been able to rapidly develop the reason that the United States has cheap electricity and scrap, and our lack of scrap, tight power supply, high electricity prices , So the small electric steel mills for our country’s situation is negative attitude. In order to speed up the development of China’s iron and steel industry, to seek ways of investment province, quick and effective development of high-efficiency, to explore the development of small electric steel mills in China, this paper on the development of small electric steel mills in our country there are several major problems to make some superficial analysis: