心理学是一门古老而又年轻的学科,当人类开始有了自觉意识和独立的自我意识时,就开始反省、推测、思索人类群体和人类个体的心理。不过,作为能成为与其他学科如物理学、生物学、地理学等等并列的现代学科,则是直接创立于19世纪德国的“实验心理学”。由于费希纳、冯特等人的工作,心理学才逐渐从哲学,以及文学艺术等领域中分离出来而独立发展。当然,这种分离并不彻底,也不可能彻底。特例之一,新中国成立以来,直到1978年,各个大学均未有心理学系,心理学专业不过是属于哲学系下的一个专业。而在当 Psychology is an ancient and young subject. When human beings begin to have consciousness and independent self-awareness, they begin to reflect on, speculate and think about the psychology of human groups and human beings. However, as a modern subject that can be tied to other disciplines such as physics, biology, geography, etc., it is “Experimental Psychology ” which was founded directly in 19th century Germany. Due to the work of Fisina and Fonte, psychology gradually developed independently from the fields of philosophy, literature and art. Of course, this separation is not complete or impossible. One of the special cases, since the founding of new China, until 1978, no university psychology department, psychology, but under the Department of Philosophy is a professional. And when