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20世纪90年代到21世纪初的北约东扩、两次车臣战争、2008年俄格冲突、2013年开始的乌克兰危机、西方对俄罗斯的经济制裁、2015年末土耳其在叙利亚境内击落俄战机,这些重要的地缘政治事件以及国际恐怖主义等刺激了俄罗斯的国家安全意识,使得俄罗斯不断修改国家安全战略及相关法律。迄今俄罗斯已两次颁布《2020年前俄罗斯国家安全战略》和《俄罗斯联邦安全法》,特别是2015年最后一天,普京总统签署了新的《2020年前俄罗斯国家安全战略》,深刻地反映出俄罗斯所面临的地缘政治问题和传统及非传统安全问题。研究俄罗斯安全法的演进可以窥见其国家安全体系的改革趋势,对中国的安全立法也有借鉴意义。
The NATO’s eastward expansion from the 1990’s to the beginning of the 21st century, the two Chechnya wars, the 2008 Georgia-Georgia conflict, the crisis in Ukraine starting in 2013, the economic sanctions against Russia by the West and the shooting down of Russian fighter planes in Syria in late 2015 are all of these important Geopolitical events as well as international terrorism have stimulated Russia’s national security awareness and made Russia constantly revise its national security strategy and related laws. To date, Russia has promulgated the “National Security Strategy for Russia by 2020” and the “Security Law of the Russian Federation” twice. In particular, on the last day of 2015, President Putin signed the new “National Security Strategy for Russia by 2020”, which profoundly reflects the Russia faces geopolitical issues and traditional and non-traditional security issues. Studying the evolution of the Russian Security Law can give a glimpse of the reform trend of its national security system and make reference to China’s security legislation.