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朱子的改亲民为“新民”与阳明的主张从旧本之“亲民”从《大学》文本中都可以找到各自的支持依据,两者的分歧既涉及到《大学》德政思想的主题是专在于教化还是教、养并重,也关系到施教的方式。朱子的“新民”说意在教化“染污之民”令其自新,在实际施政中具有刚严的作风,其流弊是导致道德上的苛政。阳明的“亲民”说认为《大学》德政思想的主题是教、养并重,在实际施政中阳明的教化方式也相对温和,更加注重隐恶扬善、兴发引导。从思想渊源看,“亲民”与“新民”诉诸的分别是“民之父母”与“民之君师”的不同范型,前者教、养并重,而后者偏重教;在教的方式上后者也更偏重严威。《大学》之“亲民”宗旨是对《诗》《书》“民之父母”德政范型的继承发挥,体现了儒家为政之道造端乎家庭而通于天地之德的视野,也是封建政治中防止上下否隔而实现“上下交则其志同”、“有礼而亲”的必由之路,在这个方面阳明“万物一体”论的“明明德”思想也与之更为契合。
The reform of Zhuzi’s relatives is the basis of “Xinmin” and Yangming’s proposition. From “old people” to “civilians”, “university” texts can find their own supportive basis. The differences between them relate to the “university” The theme is dedicated to teaching or teaching, support both, but also related to teaching methods. Zhu’s “Xinmin” is intended to educate and “pollute the people” and make himself a fresh person. He has a strict style of work in actual administration and its abuses are the result of moral tyranny. Yangming’s “pro-people” said that the theme of “university” ethical ideology is both teaching and supporting. In actual governance, Yangming’s mode of enlightenment is also relatively mild, and more attention is paid to the purpose of hiding evil and promoting good and encouraging development. From the origin of ideology, the differences between the “people first” and “new people” appeals are different paradigms of “the parents of people” and “the people of the people”, the former teach and support both while the latter Emphasis on teaching; in the way of teaching the latter is also more emphasis on sanctions. The purpose of the university is to inherit and exert the virtues of the ethics of the book, the book of parents and the parents of the people, which embodies the vision of Confucianism for governing politics, It is also the only way for feudal politics to prevent “from getting on and off” and realizing the principle of “giving and receiving from the bottom to the bottom,” “politeness and affection.” In this aspect, Yang Ming and “Ming Ming De” Thought is more in line with it.