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土地盐渍化是清代河南农业生产的重要环境制约因素。面对困境,河南官民总结了丰富的改良和利用经验,他们在治黄的过程中兼顾土壤治理,并通过改进耕作方式和灌溉技术以达到脱碱、淋盐的目的。在生产实践中,河南农民调整种植结构,因地制宜发展粮、菜、棉和林业生产,结合抗逆作物种植,使不少盐渍化土地得到改良和利用。政府则从政策角度鼓励开垦盐渍化荒地,“折亩”或直接豁除赋税以提高百姓开垦的积极性。官民结合、技术与政策结合,使清代河南土壤改良和利用取得一定成果,其思路和方式仍有现实意义。
Land salinization is an important environmental constraint on agricultural production in Henan in the Qing Dynasty. Faced with the dilemma, Henan officials and civilians summed up a wealth of experience in the improvement and utilization of both yellow soil in the process of their governance, and by improving the farming methods and irrigation techniques to achieve the purpose of alkali, salt. In production practice, Henan farmers adjust the planting structure, according to local conditions to develop food, vegetable, cotton and forestry production, combined with the anti-stress crop cultivation, so that a lot of salinized land has been improved and utilized. From the policy point of view, the government encourages the reclamation of salinized wasteland and “taxation of mu” or directly excludes taxation so as to increase the enthusiasm of the people for reclamation. The combination of officials and civilians and the combination of technologies and policies have yielded some achievements in the improvement and utilization of soil in Henan in the Qing Dynasty. Their mentality and method still have practical significance.