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小麦地方品种燕大1817是我国小麦育种骨干亲本之一,胜利麦/燕大1817杂交组合是北部冬麦区小麦品种遗传改良的基础组合。利用随机分布于小麦全基因组21条染色体上的175对在胜利麦和燕大1817间具有多态性的SSR标记(每条染色体平均8.3对)分析了燕大1817和胜利麦对其38份后代衍生品种的遗传贡献率。结果表明,在全基因组水平上,燕大1817对其后代衍生品种贡献率为26.8%,胜利麦对其后代衍生品种贡献率为43.6%;在部分同源群水平上,燕大1817对其后代衍生品种A、B和D基因组的贡献率分别为25.9%、25.7%和26.4%,胜利麦对其后代衍生品种A、B和D基因组的贡献率分别为46.1%、39.1%和44.0%。说明引进种质对我国北部冬麦区小麦品种遗传改良起了重要作用。在染色体水平上,胜利麦对其后代衍生品种的21条染色体贡献率在20.0%~63.3%间,其中对1A染色体贡献率仅有20.0%,对7A染色体贡献率高达63.3%。骨干亲本燕大1817对其后代衍生品种的21条染色体贡献率在7.5%~44.2%间,其中对2A染色体贡献率仅有7.5%,对7D染色体贡献率可达44.2%。骨干亲本燕大1817对后代衍生品种贡献率较高的基因组(单元型)区段有7个,分别是3A上的Xwmc11–Xcfa2262、7B上的Xbarc1073–Xwmc475、1AL上的Xgwm357–Xwmc312、7DS上的Xbarc305–Xwmc506、4AS上的Xgwm165–Xgwm610、1B上的Xwmc419–Xwmc134和2D上的Xcfd56–Xbarc228,其中,3A染色体上的Xwmc11–Xcfa2262区段对衍生品种贡献率高达77.5%。而胜利麦对后代衍生品种贡献率较高的基因组(单元型)区段有8个,分别是6BS上的Xwmc105-Xwmc397、3D上的Xgdm72–Xgdm8、2DS上的Xgdm5–Xgwm455、7AL上的Xbarc121–Xgwm332、5DL上的Xgwm174–Xwmc161、5BL上的Xgwm499–Xbarc308、5A上的Xbarc141–Xgwm291和4BL上的Xgwm66–Xgwm251,其中6BS上的Xwmc105–Xwmc397区段对衍生品种的贡献率最高,达71.3%。这些基因组(单元型)区段上存在许多与产量、抗病、抗逆和适应性等重要农艺性状相关的基因和QTL,对北部冬麦区小麦品种遗传改良可能起了重要作用。
The local variety Yanda 1817 is one of the key parents of wheat breeding in China. The combination of Shengli Mai and Yanda 1817 is the basic combination of genetic improvement of wheat cultivars in northern winter wheat. Using 175 pairs of SSR markers (average 8.3 pairs per chromosome) distributed randomly on 21 chromosomes of wheat genome and 1817 polymorphic markers in Shengli wheat and YanDa, we analyzed the effects of YanDa 1817 and Shengli Mai on their 38 offspring Derivatives of the genetic contribution rate. The results showed that at the whole genome level, YanDa 1817 contributed 26.8% of its offspring derivative species and ShengliMai contributed 43.6% of its offspring derivative species. At the level of some homologous groups, The contribution rates of the A, B and D genomes of the derivative cultivars were 25.9%, 25.7% and 26.4% respectively, and the contribution rates of Shenglimai to the A, B and D genomes of their progeny derived strains were 46.1%, 39.1% and 44.0%, respectively. It showed that introduced germplasm played an important role in genetic improvement of wheat cultivars in the winter wheat region of northern China. At the chromosomal level, the contribution rate of Shenglimai to 21 chromosomes of its progeny varieties ranged from 20.0% to 63.3%, of which only 20.0% to 1A chromosome and 63.3% to 7A chromosome. The backbone parent YanDa 1817 contributed 7.5% ~ 44.2% of its 21 chromosomes to its progeny, of which only 7.5% contributed to chromosome 2A and 44.2% contributed to chromosome 7D. The backbone genotypes YanDa 1817 had 7 genomic (haplotypes) segments with high contribution rate to the offspring derivatives, namely Xwmc11-Xcfa2262 on 3A, Xbarc1073-Xwmc475 on 7B, Xgwm357-Xwmc312 on 7DS, 7DS Of Xbarc305-Xwmc506, Xgwm165-Xgwm610 on 4AS, Xwmc419-Xwmc134 on 1B, and Xcfd56-Xbarc228 on 2D, wherein the segment of Xwmc11-Xcfa2262 on chromosome 3A contributes as high as 77.5% to the derivative species. However, there were 8 genomic (haplotype) segments that contributed to higher progeny derivative varieties in Victory wheat, which were Xgmc105-Xwmc397 on 6BS, Xgdm72-Xgdm8 on 3D, Xgdm5-Xgwm455 on 2DS, Xbarc121 on 7AL Xgwm499-Xbarc308 on Xgwm174-Xwmc161, 5BL on XDL, Xbarc141-Xgwm291 on 5A, and Xgwm66-Xgwm251 on 4BL on XDL, in which the Xwmc105-Xwmc397 segment on 6BS contributes the highest to the derivative species, reaching 71.3 %. There are many genes and QTLs associated with important agronomic traits such as yield, disease resistance, resistance and adaptability in these genomic (haplotypic) segments and may play an important role in the genetic improvement of wheat cultivars in the northern winter wheat region.