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视网膜病变是糖尿病微血管并发症之一，是主要的不可逆致盲性眼病。糖尿病患者视网膜血管管径的改变与视网膜病变进展有关。传统的扩瞳眼底检查受个人经验和主观因素的影响，误差较大，且对眼底微小病变容易漏诊。近年来，随着眼底数码成像技术以及血管分析软件的发展，精确测量视网膜血管管径成为现实。该文就糖尿病视网膜血管管径的变化、测量方法及其发生机制和影响因素进行综述。“,”Retinopathy is one of diabetic microvascular complications, which is the main irreversible cause of blindness. Retinal vascular caliber changes in patients with diabetes are associated with retinopathy progression. The traditional pupil fundus examination is influenced by personal experience and subjective fac-tors,and the error is large,which may easily cause missed diagnosis of micro fundus lesions. In recent years, with the development of digital imaging technology and vascular analysis software,accurate measurement of retinal blood vessel diameter has become a reality. Here is to make a review of the changes of retinal blood vessel diameter,the measuring method and the mechanism of the retinal blood vessel and the influencing factors.