了解农村社区居民的卫生行为状况及认知情况，探讨不良健康行为的影响因素，为加强自我保健知识的宣传及制定农村卫生政策提供参考依据。采用横断面研究和问卷调查方式，对安徽某农村社区≥１５ 岁居民进行各项卫生行为及其认知情况调查。发现农村社区男性居民吸烟率为４６－３ ％ ，饮酒率为４６－９ ％ ，吸烟与饮酒之间有正相关关系；一日三餐能定时吃饭的仅占总数的８－３ ％ ，若只吃二餐，８９－１ ％ 的人为早餐经常不吃；９０ ．４ ％ 的人从不或很少参加体育锻炼；每晚睡眠时间在７ ～８ 小时的占３３－９ ％ ；有饭前便后洗手习惯的占３８－５ ％ ；７９－３ ％ 的人每天刷牙，刷牙者中横刷者占７４－９ ％ ；综合卫生行为状况分析表明：具有３ ～５ 个健康行为的占６４－８ ％ ，≥６ 个的仅占１６－９ ％ 。提示农村居民的各项行为状况不够合理，综合卫生行为状况不容乐观，应加强农村居民健康卫生行为的宣教 To understand the status of health behaviors of rural community residents and their cognition, to explore the influencing factors of bad health behaviors, to provide reference for strengthening the publicity of self-care knowledge and formulating rural health policies. A cross-sectional study and questionnaire survey were conducted to investigate the health behavior and cognition of residents aged 15 or above in a rural community in Anhui Province. Found that male community residents in rural areas smoking 46-3%, drinking rate of 46-9%, smoking and drinking a positive correlation between; three meals a day to eat only 8-3% of the total, if only Eat two meals, 89-1% of people often do not eat breakfast; 90. 4% of people never or rarely participate in physical exercise; sleep every night in 7 to 8 hours accounted for 33-9%; have washing habits before and after meals accounted for 38-5%; 79-3% of people daily Brushing, brushing, horizontal brush accounted for 74-9%; comprehensive health behavior analysis shows that: with 3 to 5 health behavior accounted for 64-8%, ≥ 6 only 16-9%. Suggesting that the behavior of rural residents is not reasonable enough status, comprehensive health behavior is not optimistic about the situation, rural residents should strengthen health education behavior