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目的研究支气管哮喘患者的应对方式及防御方式与患者身心健康的关系。方法采用特质应对方式问卷、防御方式问卷以及健康状况调查问卷对190名支气管哮喘患者进行了调查。结果健康状况高分组患者的消极应对方式、不成熟的防御方式及中间型防御方式的得分均低于健康状况低分组患者,积极应对方式的得分高于后者,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。消极应对、不成熟的防御方式及中间型防御方式与患者的健康状况总分呈负相关(相关系数分别为-0.487,-0.390,-0.260,P<0.01),而积极的应对方式及成熟的防御方式则与健康状况总分呈正相关(相关系数分别为0.173,0.153,P<0.05)。消极应对及不成熟的防御方式分别对SF-36总分及精神健康均有预测作用(P<0.05),消极应对对躯体健康亦有预测作用(P<0.05)。结论消极应对及不成熟的防御方式是影响支气管哮喘患者身心健康的重要心理因素。
Objective To study the coping style of bronchial asthma patients and the relationship between defensive mode and the patients’ physical and mental health. Methods Totally 190 patients with bronchial asthma were investigated using the questionnaire of trait coping style, the questionnaire of defense style and the questionnaire of health status. Results The score of negative coping style, immature defensive style and intermediate defensive style of patients with high status group were lower than that of patients with low status group, and the scores of positive coping style were higher than the latter (P < 0.05). Negative coping, immature defensive mode and intermediate defensive mode were negatively correlated with the total scores of patients’ health status (correlation coefficient -0.487, -0.390, -0.260, P <0.01, respectively), but the positive coping style and mature The defensive mode was positively correlated with the total score of health status (correlation coefficient was 0.173,0.153, P <0.05). Negative coping and immature defensive methods respectively predicted SF-36 score and mental health (P <0.05), and negative coping also had predictive value on physical health (P <0.05). Conclusions Negative coping and immature defensive methods are important psychological factors affecting the physical and mental health of patients with bronchial asthma.