好大的靴子!

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  多年前,一名学生遇到这样一个句子:“He put his suitcase in the boot.”,百思不得其解,前來问我:“他怎么会将一个手提箱放进靴子里?好大的靴子!”
  我告诉他,这是“只知其一,不知其二”。
  boot作为名词的第一个意思是“靴子”,例如:leather boot(皮靴)、high boot(高筒靴)、ankle boot(短筒靴)、high-heeled boot(高跟靴)、rain boot(雨靴)、riding boot(马靴)、walking boot(便靴)、hiking boot(登山靴)、snow boot(雪地靴)、a pair of boots(一双靴子)等。特别注意,英式英语的 Wellington boot、Wellington或Wellie boot,指“防水长筒靴”。美式英语称之为rubber boot。例如:
  1. The “Wellie” boot was created in 1817 when the Duke of Wellington asked his shoemaker to create a boot that he could wear in battle and with evening clothes. It is one of a pair of long rubber boots, usually reaching almost up to the knees, that you wear to stop your feet getting wet. 1817年,惠灵顿公爵要求他的鞋匠制作一种他在作战或穿夜礼服时能穿的靴子,于是“防水长筒靴”就创造出来。那是一种橡胶高筒靴,通常几乎高到膝部,穿上防止把脚弄湿。
  靴子和鞋都有左右之分。如果左脚穿右靴或右鞋,或右脚穿左靴或左鞋,皆不合适。英式英语“The boot is on the other foot.”,意思是“脚穿错了靴子”。到了美式英语,这个习语变成了“The shoe is on the other foot.”,字面意思是“脚穿错了鞋”。由于靴子护腿,这个习语也可以说成“The boot is on the other leg.”。不论怎样说,这三个习语的比喻意义都是“As the situation has changed, the roles of two or more people have been reversed”, 即“随着情况变化,角色逆转”。例如:
  2. I can see that you don’t like being told what to do, but now the boot is on the other foot! 我能看出你不喜欢让别人指使你做什么,但是现在随着情况变化,角色逆转了。
  英语习语“to be too big for one’s boots”的字面意思是“个儿太大,连自己的靴子都穿不上”,比喻意义是to be conceited、self-important、arrogant或overweening,即“自负”“自高自大”“傲慢”或“过于自信”。汉语有“太自我膨胀”的类似说法。例如:
  3. Ever since he won that tournament, he’s been often accused of being too big for his boots. 自从他在锦标赛获胜以来,就常常被人指责太自我膨胀了。
  英语俚语“to lick sb’s boots”,字面意思是“舔靴子”。显然,这是个卑躬屈膝、毫无尊严的动作。其比喻意义是“to flatter sb, especially a person of higher authority as a means of winning favour”,即“谄媚”“巴结”或“拍马屁”。例如:
  4. His colleagues all dislike him because he often licks his boss’s boots. 他的同事们都不喜欢他,因为他常常拍老板的马屁。
  bootlicker的意思是servile flatterer,即“奴相十足的马屁精”。例如:
  5. As a bootlicker, the white supremacist politician flattered and supported Trump.这个白人至上主义政客吹捧并支持特朗普,是个马屁精。
  to wipe one’s boots on sth 的字面意思是“在……上蹭靴子”。例如:
  6. Every guest must wipe his dirty boots on the mat before entering the theatre. 每位来宾在进入剧院前,必须在垫子上蹭自己的脏靴子。
  英语俚语to wipe one’s boots on sb的字面意思是“在人身上蹭靴子”。其比喻意义是to insult、to offer an insult to sb,即“侮辱某人”。例如:
  7. When he said “You look like a before picture” to the man, he was actually wiping his boots on the man. 当他对这个人说“你看上去像处理前的照片”的时候,他实际上是在侮辱这个人。
  英语俚语“someone’s heart is in their boots, to have one’s heart in one’s boots”或“with one’s heart in one’s boots”的字面意思是“心在靴子里”。其比喻意义是“to feel very sad, disappointed, worried or depressed”,即“感到悲伤、失望、忧虑或抑郁”。例如:   8. He had his heart in his boots after he was diagnosed with cancer.在被诊断患癌症后,他极度抑郁。
  英语俚语 to die in one’s boots 或to die with one’s boots on的字面意思是“穿着靴子死去”。其比喻意义是to die while working或to keep working to the end,即“死于工作时”或“坚持工作到死”,有点“鞠躬尽瘁,死而后已”的意味。例如:
  9. He’ll never retire, because he has made up his mind to die with his boots on. 他将永远不退休,因为他已下决心坚持工作到死。
  “I’ll eat my boots if ...”,是英语常用来发誓的话语。例如:
  10. The student said, “I’ll eat my boots if I don’t succeed in the examination.” 这个学生说:“如果我在考试中不能成功,我就誓不为人。”
  英语习语 to give sb the boot的意思是to tell sb to leave,即“让……走人”“解雇”。to get the boot或to be given the boot的意思是to be told to leave,即“被開除”“被解雇”。例如:
  11. The boss said to the worker, “If you are late again, you’ll get the boot.”老板对这个工人说:“如果再迟到,你就走人吧。”
  boot作为名词的另一个意思是“the enclosed space of at the back of your car in which you put tools, bags, cases, etc.”,即“(汽车)后备箱”。boot是英式英语,trunk是美式英语。试比较:
  12. 1) Let me put your luggage in the boot. (英式英语)
  2) Let me put your baggage in the trunk. (美式英语)
  让我把你的行李放进后备箱里。
  boot 作为名词的第三个意思是 a quick hard kick,即“猛踢一脚”。例如:
  13. The footballer gave the ball a tremendous boot. 这个足球运动员猛踢了一脚球。
  与此相关,boot作为动词的意思是to kick sb or sth hard with your foot,即“猛踢”。例如:
  14. The goalkeeper booted the ball clear of the goal.守门员猛踢一脚球,使其远离球门。
  带介词的短语to boot的意思是in addition,即“此外”“而且”。例如:
  15. He is a vegetarian, and a particularly fussy one to boot. 他是素食主义者,而且是一个特别挑剔的素食主义者。
  16. I paid him what he asked, and five dollars to boot. 我把他索要的钱付给他,还另给了他五美元。
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