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本文利用2011年中国社会状况综合调查(CSS)数据,研究了少数民族职业地位与社会态度。发现少数民族内部职业地位差异明显,呈现出高端与低端职业分布更加集中的特征,但在总体上与汉族的职业地位差异不大。少数民族的社会态度比汉族更加积极,具体可以从对自身经济地位和未来生活的态度、地域融合态度、城乡交往态度、对政府工作效率的态度和对社会重大问题的态度五个方面得到印证。少数民族在较高职业地位和较低职业地位上聚集程度更高的事实,会强化少数民族人口内部在职业地位提升机会上的比较行为,这在客观上使得少数民族对社会发展持有更加积极的态度,从而证实了我国新时期少数民族内部收益比较曲线向上延伸的特征趋势。
This article uses the 2011 CSSA data to study the occupational status and social attitudes of ethnic minorities. It is found that there are obvious differences in occupational status among ethnic minorities, showing a more concentrated distribution of high-end and low-end occupations, but there is not much difference in overall occupational status with Han nationality. Minority nationalities have a more positive social attitude than the Han people. They can be substantiated in five aspects: their own economic status and future life, geographical integration, urban-rural social attitudes, attitude toward government efficiency and major social issues. The fact that ethnic minorities have a higher level of aggregation in higher occupations and lower occupations strengthens the comparative behavior within ethnic minorities in respect of the promotion of occupational status, which objectively enables the minorities to hold a more active attitude towards social development Thus confirming the characteristic trend of the upward trend of the comparative curve of internal returns of ethnic minorities in the new period in our country.