Hip trauma has been a leading cause of death in senile patients for more than a centenary.Although the mortality decreased due to the advanced technique in medication,surgery and nursing,the increasing mortality should not be neglected in elders after orthopedic operation nowadays.Many factors are considered to influence the causes of death after trauma,such as age,gender,personal customs,comorbidities,types of fracture,timing of surgery,procedure,anesthesia,complications,medical treatment,activity of daily living,or even marriage status.This article reviews these causes from the aspects of patients own factors,iatrogenic factors,medical treatment and other factors and provides some clues for further clinical application according to the recent foreign and domestic researches.According to the present research,it is essential for surgeons to perform a comprehensive estimation for patients suffering from hip trauma.