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主谓一致（the agreement of subjet and predicate）是英语语法的一个难点，但做题时只要把握好四大原则，即重心原则、就近原则、整体原则和固定原则，便可游刃有余。
一、重心原则
找准主语重心，确保谓语在单复数问题上与主语的重心一致。
1. 主语重心在介词、连词或引导词的前面
①All but one were here just now. 刚才除了一个人外，其余的都来过。主语重心在all上，所以谓语用复数，but相当于except。
②A library with 50 thousand books has been offered to them as a gift. 一个图书馆连同五万本书被当作礼物捐给了他们。主语的重心在a library上。类似的情况还有along with、together with、as well as等。
③A woman, rather than those men, is in charge of the design of the bridge. 一个女士，而不是那些男士们在负责这座桥的设计。主语的重心在A woman上。类似的情况还有not、instead of等。
④Each of us has an English-Chinese dictionary. 我们每人均有一本英汉词典。主语的重心在each 上，而不在us上。类似的情况还有every one of 等，重心均在介词of的前面。如果用we each 做主语，谓语则用复数，因为重心在we上。
⑤This pair of shoes fits you very well. 这双鞋很合你的脚。Two pairs of shoes are not enough. 两双鞋是不够的。The shoes fit you very well. 这双鞋很合你的脚。上述第一、二例主语的重心分别在pair和pairs上，而不在shoes上，第三例的重心在shoes上。
⑥Anybody who has a little knowledge can see that this elephant is like a snake. 任何具有一点知识的人都知道这头大象像蛇一样。who引导的是定语从句，谓语has要与先行词anybody一致，主语who的单复数取决于先行词anybody，所以主语的“重心”在anybody上。
⑦It is I that am going to lend the dictionary to you. 打算借你一本字典的是我。这是一个强调句型。am going to 的主语是I，而不是that，that只是构成It is … that这个强调句型的框架词。
⑧Four and/plus three equals seven. 4加3等于7。Four times three is equal to twelve. 4乘以3等于12。这两句的主语虽然都涉及到两个数，但重心都在前面的一个数字上，所以谓语都要用单数。
2. 主语的重心在某个分词前面
①Five students including Tom have been punished for it. 包括汤姆在内的五个学生因此受到了惩罚。The two bridges made of stone were built 20 years ago. 这两座石桥建于20年前。上面两个句子中分词引导的动宾结构都是主语的修饰成分，两个句子主语的重心分别在five students和the two bridges上。
②Twelve divided by four is three. 12除以4等于3。Four added to three equals seven. 4加3等于7。Four multiplied by three is equal to twelve. 4乘以3等于12。这三句的主语虽然都涉及到两个数，但重心都在过去分词前面的一个数字上，所以谓语都要用单数。
3. 主语“重心”在某个介词或连词的后面
①A large number of students are going swimming. 许多学生打算去游泳。A large quantity/variety of books were bought yesterday. 昨天买了许多书。A large quantity/variety of money was brought in last month. 上个月引进了大量资金。A large amount of money was brought in last month. 上个月引进了大量资金。
上述4个例句主语的重心均在介词of的后面。但如果是短语 large numbers of students， large quantities/varieties of books， large quantities/varieties of money， large amounts of money作主语，主语的重心均转移到介词of的前面，谓语全部用复数。the number of the college students作主语时，主语的重心也在介词of的前面，谓语要用单数，如The number of the students in this college now is about 30000。
②Not only I but also the two brothers are tired of doing so. 不止我而且这俩兄弟也对这样做感到厌倦。主语的重心在the two brothers上，而不在I 上。
③Not his father, but his brothers live in Wuhan. 住在武汉的是他的兄弟，而不是他的父亲。主语重心在his brothers上，而不在his father上。
④She is one of the women writers who write stories for children. 她是那些写儿童故事的女作家的其中一个。I think he is the only one of those who likes English. 我认为他是那些人中唯一喜欢英语的一个。前一句主语的重心在the women writers上；后一句主的重心在the only one上，而不在those上。
⑤Two-thirds of the story sounds interesting. 这个故事中的三分之二听起来有趣。Two-thirds of the stories sound interesting. 这些故事中的三分之二听起来有趣。两个句子主语的重心分别在the story和the stories上，而不在Two-thirds上。類似的情况还有half of， some of， the rest of等。
4. 主语的重心隐藏在句中
①One third of the population here are workers. 这里的三分之一的人是工人。句子的主语是One third of the population，但句中的workers才是主语的“重心”，所以谓语用复数。如果是the population here is increasing very fast， 那句中的the population指的就是一个数据，谓语用单数形式。
②All possible means are to be tried. 所有可能的方法都应该试试。Every possible means is to be tried. 所有可能的方法都应该试试。上述两个句子的的重心分别隐藏在all 和every中，所以谓语分别用复数和单数。
③His family are always quarrelling among themselves. 他的家人经常相互吵架。His family is a big one. 他的家庭是个大家庭。第一句主语的重心隐藏在quarrel和themselves中，说明family指其中的个体人，所以谓语用复数；第二句主语的重心隐藏在a big one中，说明family指家庭这个整体，所以谓语用单数。类似的集体名词还有class, group, government等。
二、就近原则
句子的主语均由两个或两个以上的部分组成，但又没有明确的“重心”，谓语要和临近的部分保持数的一致，这就是就近原则。
Either you or he has broken the glass. 要么是你要么是他打破了这个杯子。Have either you or he broken the glass? 打破了这个杯子的是你和他中的一个吗？Neither Mary nor you are wholly right. 玛丽和你都不完全正确。There is a boy and two girls sitting in the classroom. 有一个男生和两个女生坐在教室里。There are two girls and a boy sitting in the classroom. 有两个女生和一个男生坐在教室里。在上述5个例句中，句子的主语均由两部分组成，但又没有明确的重心，按照就近原则，谓语要和临近的一个一致。
三、整体原则
句子的主语由多个部分组成或看起来是复数，但应被看作是一个整体，谓语往往用单数。
①The professor and writer has just arrived. 这位教授兼作家刚到。the professor and writer指一个人，所以谓语用单数；如果是the professor and the writer have just arrived， the professor and the writer就是指两个人，谓语用复数。
②The bread and butter is on the table. 奶油面包在餐桌上。Now pen and ink has been replaced by the ball-point pen. 现在钢笔和墨水已被圆珠笔取代。the bread and butter和pen and ink在句中都是两样配套的东西，所以谓语都用单数。
③Eighty dollars a month is the total of his income. 一个月80美元是他的所有收入。Another 3 days is necessary for you to go over the lessons. 再用三天供你复习功课是必要的。两句的主语分别是eighty dollars a month和another 3 days，均为复数形式，但主语仅指一个数字，实际上应被看作一个整体，所以谓语用单数。
四、固定原则
有些名词、短语或从句作主语时，谓语要求用固定的单数或复数形式，下面列举一下常见情况。
一个从句或短语作主语时，谓语应用单数形式。但如果从句是由两个从句合并而来，如what he said and did，谓语用复数。
the police，people，cattle等集体名词作主语时，谓语一般用复数形式。nobody，no one，somebody，anybody等指人的不定代词作主语，谓语一般用单数，但是指代它们的人称代词要用they。No boy and no girl，each boy and each girl，every boy and every girl, more than one person, many a person等类型的短语做主语均用单数谓语（但所表达的含义却是复数概念）。
[【练习】]
1. This pair of glasses________worth a lot of money.
A．are B．is
C．has been D．have been
2. According the agreement, the professor and writer________to give us a report tomorrow.
A．is B．are
C．are going D．is going
3. Every possible means________so far.
A．has been tried B．have been tried
C．is to be triedD．are to be tried
4. The number of students who are fond of swimming________grown by 15% in the past 5 years.
A．hasB．have
C．wasD．were
5. ________either you or he able to attend yesterday’s lecture？
A．is B．were
C．was D．are
6. Mr. Green as well as his children ________ to America next week.
A．have gone B．has gone
C．are going D．is going
7. I think he is the only one of those who________the position.
A．fit B．fits
C．are fit for D．is fit for
8. There________a pen and two books on the desk.
A．lies B．lie
C．is lying D．are lying
9. He says his class________ all music lovers.
A．is B．are
C．were D．was
10. A large quantity of food________sent to him at that time.
A．is B．are
C．was D．were
[【參考答案】]
1~5 BAAAB 6~10 DDABC
一、重心原则
找准主语重心，确保谓语在单复数问题上与主语的重心一致。
1. 主语重心在介词、连词或引导词的前面
①All but one were here just now. 刚才除了一个人外，其余的都来过。主语重心在all上，所以谓语用复数，but相当于except。
②A library with 50 thousand books has been offered to them as a gift. 一个图书馆连同五万本书被当作礼物捐给了他们。主语的重心在a library上。类似的情况还有along with、together with、as well as等。
③A woman, rather than those men, is in charge of the design of the bridge. 一个女士，而不是那些男士们在负责这座桥的设计。主语的重心在A woman上。类似的情况还有not、instead of等。
④Each of us has an English-Chinese dictionary. 我们每人均有一本英汉词典。主语的重心在each 上，而不在us上。类似的情况还有every one of 等，重心均在介词of的前面。如果用we each 做主语，谓语则用复数，因为重心在we上。
⑤This pair of shoes fits you very well. 这双鞋很合你的脚。Two pairs of shoes are not enough. 两双鞋是不够的。The shoes fit you very well. 这双鞋很合你的脚。上述第一、二例主语的重心分别在pair和pairs上，而不在shoes上，第三例的重心在shoes上。
⑥Anybody who has a little knowledge can see that this elephant is like a snake. 任何具有一点知识的人都知道这头大象像蛇一样。who引导的是定语从句，谓语has要与先行词anybody一致，主语who的单复数取决于先行词anybody，所以主语的“重心”在anybody上。
⑦It is I that am going to lend the dictionary to you. 打算借你一本字典的是我。这是一个强调句型。am going to 的主语是I，而不是that，that只是构成It is … that这个强调句型的框架词。
⑧Four and/plus three equals seven. 4加3等于7。Four times three is equal to twelve. 4乘以3等于12。这两句的主语虽然都涉及到两个数，但重心都在前面的一个数字上，所以谓语都要用单数。
2. 主语的重心在某个分词前面
①Five students including Tom have been punished for it. 包括汤姆在内的五个学生因此受到了惩罚。The two bridges made of stone were built 20 years ago. 这两座石桥建于20年前。上面两个句子中分词引导的动宾结构都是主语的修饰成分，两个句子主语的重心分别在five students和the two bridges上。
②Twelve divided by four is three. 12除以4等于3。Four added to three equals seven. 4加3等于7。Four multiplied by three is equal to twelve. 4乘以3等于12。这三句的主语虽然都涉及到两个数，但重心都在过去分词前面的一个数字上，所以谓语都要用单数。
3. 主语“重心”在某个介词或连词的后面
①A large number of students are going swimming. 许多学生打算去游泳。A large quantity/variety of books were bought yesterday. 昨天买了许多书。A large quantity/variety of money was brought in last month. 上个月引进了大量资金。A large amount of money was brought in last month. 上个月引进了大量资金。
上述4个例句主语的重心均在介词of的后面。但如果是短语 large numbers of students， large quantities/varieties of books， large quantities/varieties of money， large amounts of money作主语，主语的重心均转移到介词of的前面，谓语全部用复数。the number of the college students作主语时，主语的重心也在介词of的前面，谓语要用单数，如The number of the students in this college now is about 30000。
②Not only I but also the two brothers are tired of doing so. 不止我而且这俩兄弟也对这样做感到厌倦。主语的重心在the two brothers上，而不在I 上。
③Not his father, but his brothers live in Wuhan. 住在武汉的是他的兄弟，而不是他的父亲。主语重心在his brothers上，而不在his father上。
④She is one of the women writers who write stories for children. 她是那些写儿童故事的女作家的其中一个。I think he is the only one of those who likes English. 我认为他是那些人中唯一喜欢英语的一个。前一句主语的重心在the women writers上；后一句主的重心在the only one上，而不在those上。
⑤Two-thirds of the story sounds interesting. 这个故事中的三分之二听起来有趣。Two-thirds of the stories sound interesting. 这些故事中的三分之二听起来有趣。两个句子主语的重心分别在the story和the stories上，而不在Two-thirds上。類似的情况还有half of， some of， the rest of等。
4. 主语的重心隐藏在句中
①One third of the population here are workers. 这里的三分之一的人是工人。句子的主语是One third of the population，但句中的workers才是主语的“重心”，所以谓语用复数。如果是the population here is increasing very fast， 那句中的the population指的就是一个数据，谓语用单数形式。
②All possible means are to be tried. 所有可能的方法都应该试试。Every possible means is to be tried. 所有可能的方法都应该试试。上述两个句子的的重心分别隐藏在all 和every中，所以谓语分别用复数和单数。
③His family are always quarrelling among themselves. 他的家人经常相互吵架。His family is a big one. 他的家庭是个大家庭。第一句主语的重心隐藏在quarrel和themselves中，说明family指其中的个体人，所以谓语用复数；第二句主语的重心隐藏在a big one中，说明family指家庭这个整体，所以谓语用单数。类似的集体名词还有class, group, government等。
二、就近原则
句子的主语均由两个或两个以上的部分组成，但又没有明确的“重心”，谓语要和临近的部分保持数的一致，这就是就近原则。
Either you or he has broken the glass. 要么是你要么是他打破了这个杯子。Have either you or he broken the glass? 打破了这个杯子的是你和他中的一个吗？Neither Mary nor you are wholly right. 玛丽和你都不完全正确。There is a boy and two girls sitting in the classroom. 有一个男生和两个女生坐在教室里。There are two girls and a boy sitting in the classroom. 有两个女生和一个男生坐在教室里。在上述5个例句中，句子的主语均由两部分组成，但又没有明确的重心，按照就近原则，谓语要和临近的一个一致。
三、整体原则
句子的主语由多个部分组成或看起来是复数，但应被看作是一个整体，谓语往往用单数。
①The professor and writer has just arrived. 这位教授兼作家刚到。the professor and writer指一个人，所以谓语用单数；如果是the professor and the writer have just arrived， the professor and the writer就是指两个人，谓语用复数。
②The bread and butter is on the table. 奶油面包在餐桌上。Now pen and ink has been replaced by the ball-point pen. 现在钢笔和墨水已被圆珠笔取代。the bread and butter和pen and ink在句中都是两样配套的东西，所以谓语都用单数。
③Eighty dollars a month is the total of his income. 一个月80美元是他的所有收入。Another 3 days is necessary for you to go over the lessons. 再用三天供你复习功课是必要的。两句的主语分别是eighty dollars a month和another 3 days，均为复数形式，但主语仅指一个数字，实际上应被看作一个整体，所以谓语用单数。
四、固定原则
有些名词、短语或从句作主语时，谓语要求用固定的单数或复数形式，下面列举一下常见情况。
一个从句或短语作主语时，谓语应用单数形式。但如果从句是由两个从句合并而来，如what he said and did，谓语用复数。
the police，people，cattle等集体名词作主语时，谓语一般用复数形式。nobody，no one，somebody，anybody等指人的不定代词作主语，谓语一般用单数，但是指代它们的人称代词要用they。No boy and no girl，each boy and each girl，every boy and every girl, more than one person, many a person等类型的短语做主语均用单数谓语（但所表达的含义却是复数概念）。
[【练习】]
1. This pair of glasses________worth a lot of money.
A．are B．is
C．has been D．have been
2. According the agreement, the professor and writer________to give us a report tomorrow.
A．is B．are
C．are going D．is going
3. Every possible means________so far.
A．has been tried B．have been tried
C．is to be triedD．are to be tried
4. The number of students who are fond of swimming________grown by 15% in the past 5 years.
A．hasB．have
C．wasD．were
5. ________either you or he able to attend yesterday’s lecture？
A．is B．were
C．was D．are
6. Mr. Green as well as his children ________ to America next week.
A．have gone B．has gone
C．are going D．is going
7. I think he is the only one of those who________the position.
A．fit B．fits
C．are fit for D．is fit for
8. There________a pen and two books on the desk.
A．lies B．lie
C．is lying D．are lying
9. He says his class________ all music lovers.
A．is B．are
C．were D．was
10. A large quantity of food________sent to him at that time.
A．is B．are
C．was D．were
[【參考答案】]
1~5 BAAAB 6~10 DDABC