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AIM: To investigate the mechanism of resveratrol underlying the microcirculation disorder and lung injury following severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).METHODS: Twenty-four rats were divided into 3 groups (SAP, sham and resveratrol groups) randomly. SAP model was established by injecting 4% sodium taurocholate 1 mL/kg through puncturing pancreatic ducts. Sham (control) group (8 rats) was established by turning over the duodenum.Resveratrol was given at 0.1 mg/kg b.m. intraperitoneally.Rats were sacrificed 9 h after SAP was induced. Blood samples were obtained for hemorrheological examination.Lung tissues were used for pathological observation, and examination of microvascular permeability, dry/wet ratio and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Gene expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was detected by RT-PCR.RESULTS: Compared with SAP group, resveratrol relieved the edema and infiltration of leukocytes in the lungs. Resveratrol improved markers of hemorrheology:high VTB (5.77±1.18 mPas vs9.49±1.34 mPas), low VTB (16.12±3.20 mPas vs30.91±7.28 mPas), PV (4.69±1.68 mPas vs8.00±1.34 mPas), BSR (1.25±0.42 mm/h vs 0.03±0.03mm/h), VPC (54.67±3.08% vs 62.17±3.39%), fibrinogen (203.2±87.8 g/L vs 51.3±19.1 g/L), original hemolysis (0.45±0.02 vs 0.49±0.02), and complete hemolysis (0.41±0.02 vs0.43±0.02) (P＜0.05). Resveratrol decreased the OD ratio of ICAM-1 gene (0.800±0.03 vs 1.188±0.10),dry/wet ratio (0.74±0.02 vs 0.77±0.03), microvascular permeability (0.079±0.006 vs 0.112±0.004) and MPO activity (4.42±0.32 vs 5.03±0.51) significantly (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: Resveratrol can improve the microcirculation disorder of the lung by decreasing leukocyte-endothelial interaction, reducing blood viscosity, improving the decrease of blood flow, and stabilizing erythrocytes in SAP rats. It may be a potential candidate to treat SAP and its severe complications (ALI).